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The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants.（)

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更多“The origins of words are a key…”相关的问题

第1题

As far as the origins of the words are concerned, English words can be classified into（)

A. loan words and dialectal words

B. native words and borrowed words

C. basic words and dialectal words

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第2题

For any Englishman, there can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greates

t dramatist (剧作家).Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare.Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer.All of us use words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people.Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well-known proverbs and quotations.

Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, makes full use of the great resources of the English language.Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal use of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand.

There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it.Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners) even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare’s day.

1).English people _______.

A.have never discussed who is the world’s greatest dramatist

B.never discuss any issue concerning the world’s greatest dramatist

C.are sure who is the world’s greatest dramatist

D.do not care who is the world’s greatest poet and dramatist

2).Every Englishman knows _______.

A.more or less about Shakespeare

B.Shakespeare, but only slightly

C.all Shakespeare’s writings

D.only the name of the greatest English writer

3).Which of the following is true？

A.We use all the words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings.

B.Shakespeare’s writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English.

C.It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they use

D.All the words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare.

4).What does the word “proverb” mean？

A.Familiar sayings.

B.Shakespeare’s plays.

C.Complaints.

D.Actors and actresses.

5).Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used English？

A.English words have changed a lot since Shakespeare’s time.

B.By doing so one can be fully aware of the richness of the English language.

C.English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare’s time.

D.Beginners may have difficulty learning some aspects of English usage.

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第3题

What will be the impact of a global computer network on cultural forms？ The construction

of exclusive information societies has restarted【M1】______ the debate about cultural diversity by renewing the common perception and evolution of this elusive term We shall focus on the meaning of the two words "diversity" and "culture". Diversity is often perceived as disparity, variation, singularity, that is, the opposite of uniformity and【M2】______ homogeneity. In its first and literal sense, cultural diversity then refers quite simply the multiplicity of cultures or cultural identities. This【M3】______ vision has now been replaced, though As for many experts "diversity" is not so much defined in opposite to "homogeneity". It is synonymous【M4】______ with dialogue and sharing values. In fact, the concept of cultural【M5】______ diversity, like that of biodiversity, goes on further, because it considers【M6】______ the multiplicity of cultures in a systemic perspective when each culture【M7】______ develops and evolves through contact with other cultures. As to culture, it draws its origins from the Latin word "cultura", that indicated the【M8】______ cultivation of fields and cattle. In the sixteenth century it acquires the meaning of the action of cultivating, or formation, which is at the【M9】______ source of the sense it is given today. So, culture has then come to mean that whole complexity of meanings, values and beliefs that determine【M10】______ how we do things and how we structure our ways of thinking.

【M1】

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第4题

We are profoundly ignorant about the origins of language and have to content ourselves wit

h more or less plausible speculations. We do not even know for certain when language arose, but it seems likely that it goes back to the earliest history of man, perhaps haft a million years ago. We have no direct evidence, but it seems probable that it took the earliest forms of human cooperation. In the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene(更新世) period, our earliest human ancestors established the Old Stone Age culture; they made stone tools and, later, tools of bone, ivory, and antler; they made fire and cooked their food; they hunted big game, often by methods that called for considerable cooperation and coordination. As their material culture gradually developed, they became artists and drew pebbles as well as wonderful paintings of animals on the walls of caves. It is difficult to believe that the makers of these Paleolithic(旧石器时代的) cultures lacked the power of speech. It is a long step, admittedly, from other earliest flint weapons to the splendid spear of the late Stone Age: the first crude flints date back perhaps to 500,000 B.C., while the finest achievements of Old Stone Age man are later than 100,000 B. C.; and in this period we can envisage a corresponding development of language, from the most primitive and limited language of the earliest human groups to a fully developed language in the flowering time of Old .Stone Age culture.

How did language arise in the first place？ There are many theories about this, based on various types of indirect evidence, such as the language of children, the language of primitive societies, the kinds of changes

that have taken place in language in the course of recorded history, the behavior. of higher animals like chimpanzees, and the behavior. of people suffering from speech defects. These types of evidence may provide us with pointers, but they all suffer from limitations.

When we consider the language of children, we haw to remember that their situations are quite different from those of our earliest human ancestors because the child, growing up in an environment where there is al- ready a fully developed language, is surrounded by adults who use that language and are teaching it to him. For example, it has been shown that the earliest words used by children are mainly the names of things and people ("doll," "spoon," "Mummy"), but this fact does not prove that the earliest words of primitive man were also the names of things and people. When the child learns the name of an object, he may then use it to express his wishes or demands.

"Doll!" often means,. "Give me my doll!" or "I've dropped my doll. Pick it up for me!" The child is us- ing language to get things done, and it is almost an accident of adult teaching that the words used to formulate the child's demands are mainly nouns instead of words like "Bring!" "Pick Up!" and so on.

Theories of the origin of language include all of the following EXCEPT______.

A．communication among primitive men

B．the need to communicate

C．the language of children

D．the first man's extensive vocabulary

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第5题

The origins of cheongsam date back to the Qing Dynasty.（)

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第6题

The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as

well as sense relatedness.()