The basic categories of business models include（).

A.2

B.3

C.8

D.10

E.11

A.hydraulic pumps

B.valves

C.hydraulic cylinders

D.hydraulic motors

A.hydraulic pumps

B.valves

C.hydraulic cylinders

D.hydraulic motors

A.the hydraulic pumps

B.valves

C.hydraulic cylinders

D.hydraulic motors

A.hydraulic pumps

B.valves

C.hydraulic cylinders

D.hydraulic motors

everyday products such as beverage containers, toys, and furniture.The widespread use of plastics demands proper disposal of plastic waste.Plastics make up almost 13 percent of the urban solid waste stream, a dramaticincrease from 1960, when plastics were less than one percent of the wastestream. The largest category of plastics are found in containers and packaging(e.g. soft drink bottles, lids, shampoo bottles), but they are also found indurable (e.g. appliances, furniture) and nondurable goods (e.g. diapers, trashbags, utensils, and medical devices）. The recycling rate for different types ofplastics varies greatly, resulting in an overall plastic recycling rate of only8 percent, or 2.7 million tons in 2011.

Currently, the UShas the capacity to recycle plastics at a greater rate as a latest technologyhas come into being that helps in converting plastic waste disposal intoa good source of green fuel. A new process for turning plastics into fuel wasinvented. First, many different kinds of unwashed plastics are melted together.Then a special chemical is used to turn the fluid into a vapor（蒸汽）. Thisreduces the plastic to its most basic elements to make it have a high fuelvalue. It is tested that 86 percent of what goes in comes out as fuel. And 8percent of the recycled plastic is used to run the system. This technology willreduce the country’s dependence on foreign oil and theamount of plastic waste in its landfills（垃圾填埋场）．

Scientists sayplastic-to-oil technology is still new and developing. They say it is not yetknown if the process is environmentally friendly. And some question whetherturning plastics into oil can even be considered “recycling”.Carson Max is with the publication Resource Recycling, a magazine that reportson the plastic recycling industry. He says because there is a lot of plasticwaste and a great demand for oil, the recycling technology may create greatchanges in both industries. “So they’re getting value from something that would otherwise go to thelandfill, things that wouldn’t be accepted into a recycler.”

26. According to the article, the great increase in use ofplastic goods requires_______.

A. richer source of green fuel

B. more categories of durable plastics

C. faster development of plastic products

D. more efficient disposal of plastic waste

27. The word “converting” inParagraph 2 most probably means “_______”．

A. coloring

B. inventing

C. consuming

D. transforming

28. What will the plastic-to-oil technology result in？

A. Less dependence on imported oil

B. Increase in plastic waste

C. Production of more plastic goods

D.Disappearance of landfills

29. What is Carson Max’s attitude towards the plastic-to-oiltechnology？

A. Positive

B. Negative

C. Critical

D. Indifferent

30. What is the passage mainly about？

A. The important function of plastics in everyday life

B. The new technology of plastic waste disposal

C. The development of plastics industry

D. The categories of plastics

Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.

Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D.

For each question 19—33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

There is an example at the beginning.

The Central Problem of Economics

The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are limited. The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of(19)…and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and(20)…we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics—deciding just how to allocate (分配)our limited resources to provide(21)…with the greatest satisfaction of our wants.

Nations face the same problem. As a country's population grows the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there(22)…are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family(23) …room, in the conference room of the corporation (24)…of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find methods of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.

A short time ago economists(25)…goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in(26)…abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the(27)…of scarcity(匮乏)and what to do about it. Today many of these " free goods" are(28)…very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately(最终)(29)…the producers' extra costs, and(30)…taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.

In the 1990s, almost all goods are (31)…Only by effort and money can they be obtained in the form. people wish.

Meeting the needs of people and froming resources available (32)… the basic activity of production. In trying to meet(33)…wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.

(19)

A．want

B．problems

C．wants

D．resources

Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember.Do you know the rhyme "Thirty days has September, April, June, and November..."？ It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 day s.

Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order？ Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.One example of organization is chunking.C hunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467, 13, 63.Categorizing is another means of organization.Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of wor ds: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair.Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered mo re easily than the first one.

Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events.For example, the heigh t of Mount Fuji in Japan -12,389 feet -might be remembered using the following associations: 12 is the number of months in the year, and 389 is the number of days in a year (365) added to the number of months twice (24).

The last principle is visualizati on.Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered.In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetiti on to learn the words.Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition.Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental pict ure can help us to preserve a memory.

1.What kind of information is easy for us to remember？()

A.Information that does not make any sense to us

B.Information that we are not familiar with

C.Information that is meaningful to us

D.Information that we are not interested in

2.Which of the following pairs are rhymes？()

A.horse—house

B.right---white

C.come----home

D.how---low

3.The second list of words in para.3 is organized according to().

A.the rhyme

B.the word category

C.th e first letters of words

D.the meanings

4.Books are kept in a library().

A.according to their size

B.in random order

C.in a jumbled way

D.in different categories

5.What method can better help form. a whole mental picture about the ti ngs to be remembered？()

A.Grouping

B.Repetition

C.Imagery

D.Association