The government has taken measures to reduce the total energy _consumption__(consume).
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第1题
A.substantial
B.brilliant
C.inherent
D.apparent
第2题
1.She lost her ________ and fell down.
2.She found it difficult to form. ____________ relationships.
3.Bill has had no ______________ with his brother for 10 years.
4.When you’re in school there are lots of ___________ for meeting people of the opposite sex.
5.She made a(n)() to the right with her hand to show the direction of the park.
6.Professor Brown’s books are very()and are hard to read.
7.This ________ helps to explain how animals communicate with each other.
8.The job ________ plenty of opportunity for travel.
9.The Government has promised to ___________ on the energy crisis.
10.Why don’t you stop being angry and ____ for a while
第3题
A 20-year bull market has convinced us all the CEOs are geniuses, so watch with Astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O'Neill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent and well-informed, foundering in their jobs.
Actually, we shouldn't be surprised. Rumsfeld and O'Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unrelieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government.
Why is this？ Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think he's in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study "Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents," Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is "the power to persuade."
Take Rumsfeld's attempt to transform. the cold-war military into one geared for the future. It's innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense Secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing.
Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, O'Neill's position as Treasury Secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance Ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president.
O'Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF’s bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the markets are rattled by his skepticism.
Perhaps the government doesn't do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you can't just quit. Jack Welch's famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isn't doing a particular job at peak level, it doesn't always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Pentagon probably wastes a lot of money. But it can't get out of the national-security business.
The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin's success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are, in his words, "necessarily and properly very different.' In a recent speech he explained, "Business functions around one predominate organizing principle, profitability…Government, on the other hand, deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives---for example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity.”
Rubin's example shows that talented people can do well in g
A．regard the president as the CEO
B．take absolute control of his department
C．exercise more power than the congressional committee
D．become acquainted with its power structure
第4题
Hamilton isn't the only educator crossing the Atlantic. School in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many business, it's gone global. Yet the talent flow isn't universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.
The chief reason is that American schools don't tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university's budget, "We didn't do any global consideration", says Patricia Hayes, the board's chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist(活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund raising. Fund raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.
Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators, and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.
In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen(监督) "a major strengthening of Yale's financial position".
Of course, fund-raising isn't the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.
What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage？
A．Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.
B．A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.
C．American universities are enrolling more international students.
D．University presidents are paying more attention to fund-raising.
第5题
__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”
1.___________
[A] Indeed
[B] Likewise
[C] Therefore
[D] Furthermore
第6题
James then asked the woman to consider a poor black mother on welfare. She already has four children and an alcoholic husband who has all but abandoned the family. Now she discovers another child is on the way. "How would you counsel that woman？" asked James.
"Have an abortion," the woman responded. "That child would have a very poor quality of life."
"I have a vested interest in your answer," James said. "The woman I described was my mother. I was the fifth of six children born into poverty. And, in case you're interested, the quality of my life is just fine!"
Kay James ______.
A．is not a black
B．is a poor black mother
C．has five brothers and sisters
D．has a hard life
第7题
It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus—＄66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.
In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don't mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece's problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of ＄60 to ＄70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countrysides, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:
"Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government's red tape and shrewdness about small points."
Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.
Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities, Tourism itself has jumped from approximately＄31 million to over ＄90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome—without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.
The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ______.
A．Greek income and expenditures
B．The improving economic situation in Greece
C．The value of tourism
D．Military expenditures
第8题
Questions are based on the following passage．
We are locked in a generational war. No one wants to admit this， because it"s uglyand unwelcome. Parents are supposed to care for their children， and children are supposedto care for their aging parents. For families， these collective obligations may work. Butwhat makes sense for families doesn"t always succeed for society as a whole. The clash ofgenerations is intensifying.
Last week， a federal judge ruled that Detroit qualifies for municipal bankruptcy.This almost certainly means that pensions and health benefits for the city"s retired workerswill be trimmed. There"s a basic conflict between paying for all retirement benefits andsupporting adequate current services. The number of Detroit"s retired workers has swelled，benefits were not adequately funded and the city"s economy isn"t strong enough to takecare of both without self-defeating tax increases.
The math is unforgiving. Detroit now has two retirees for every active worker，reports the Detroit Free Press; in 2012， that was 10，525 employees and 21，113 retirees.
Satisfying retirees inevitably shortchanges their children and grandchildren. ThoughDetroit"s situation is extreme， it"s not unique. Pension benefits were once thought to belegally and politically impregnable （不受影响的 ） . Pension cuts in Illinois， RhodeIsland and elsewhere have shattered this assumption. Chicago is considering reductionsfor its retirees.
What"s occurring at the state and local levels is an incomplete and imperfect effortto balance the interests of young and old. Conflicts vary depending on benefits" generosityand the strength——-or weakness——-of local economies. A study of 173 cities by the Centerfor Retirement Research at Boston College found pension costs averaged 7.9 percent oftax revenues， but those of many cities were much higher. Health benefits add to costs.
At the federal level， even this sloppy generational reckoning is missing. Theelderly"s interests are running roughshod （冷酷无情的） over other national concems.
Social Security， Medicare and Medicaid——programs heavily for the retired——dominate thebudget， accounting for about 44 percent of spending， and have been largely excluded fromdeficit-reduction measures.
Almost all the adjustment falls on other programs: defense， courts， research， roads，education. Or higher taxes. The federal government is increasingly a transfer agency:
Taxes from the young and middle-aged are spent on the elderly.
The explanation for this is politics. For states and localities， benefit cuts affectgovernment workers， while at the federal level， it"s all the elderly， a huge group thatincludes everyone"s parents and grandparents. As a result， the combat has beenlopsided （不平衡的 ） . Younger Americans have generally been clueless about howshifting demographics threaten their future government services and taxes.
What does the word "‘assumption" refer to in Paragraph 3？ 查看材料
A.Pensions are legal and won"t be affected by politics.
B.Pensions are easily affected by government policies.
C.Pensions are largely paid by the elderly.
D.Pensions are largely paid by tax.
第9题
The government has _____ itself to improving health education.
A.committed
B.done
C.made
D.commissioned
第10题
The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people's lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14, 1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792, to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy(君主制) was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte.
186.What's this passage about?（）
A.France.
B.King Louis.
C.The French Revolution.
D.Europe.
187.Which did not happen in 1789?（）
A.The French Revolution broke out.
B.The national economy was developing rapidly.
C.The government wasn't well run.
D.King Louis XIV was in power.
188.Where were the political prisoners kept?（）
A.In Versailles.
B.In Austria.
C.In Prussia.
D.In Bastille.
189.What does the underlined word "abolished" mean?（）
A.Put off.
B.Established.
C.United.
D.Ended.
190.What was NOT the effect of the Revolution?（）
A.July 14 has become the French National Day.
B.It brought some impact on the other European kings.
C.Louis's wife, Marie was killed.
D.The king tried to control the national parliament.
第11题
This kind of government guidance also has resulted ___ cartelization.
A、from
B、 with
C、 in
D、 at
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