虽然我们在本章中建立的凯恩斯交叉图假设税收是一个固定量,但在许多国家(包括美国)税收取决于收入。我们用下
虽然我们在本章中建立的凯恩斯交叉图假设税收是一个固定量,但在许多国家(包括美国)税收取决于收入。我们用下式写出税收收入,以代表税制:和t为税收的参数;参数t为边际税率:如果收入增加1美元,税收增加t×1美元。
a.这种税制如何改变消费对GDP变动做出反应的方式?
b.在凯恩斯交叉图中。这种税制如何改变政府购买乘数?
c.在IS-LM模型中,这种税制如何改变IS曲线的斜率?
Although our development of the Keynesian cross in this chapter assumes that taxes are a fixed amount, in many countries (including the United States) taxes depend on income. Let's represent the tax system by writing tax revenue as where and t are parameters of the tax code. The parameter t is the marginal tax rate: if income rises by $1, taxes rise by t×$1.
a.How does this tax system change the way consumption responds to changes in GDP?
b.In the Keynesian cross, how does this tax system alter the government-purchases multiplier?
c.In the IS-LM model, how does this tax system alter the slope of the IS curve?