题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
[主观题]
Some psychologists believe that a negative serf-image ____ one's working performan
ce.
A、effects
B、affords
C、affects
D、efforts
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A. confusion
B. boredom
C. sadness
D. shyness
更多“Some psychologists believe tha…”相关的问题
第2题
Some psychologists maintain that thinking is （)。
A.not a mental process
B.more of a physical process than a mental action
C.a process that involves our entire bodies
D.a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain
第3题
阅读材料，回答题。Some psychologists（心理专家) maintain that mental acts such as thinking ar
阅读材料，回答题。
Some psychologists(心理专家) maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performedin the brain alone, but that one&39; s muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with ourmuscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.
You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears butwith your whole body. Few people can listen to music without moving their body or, more specifically,some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is attracted todirect the orchestra (乐队) even though he knows there is a good conductor on the job.Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all pos-sible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener"feels" himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body. The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same
way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.
Some psychologists think that thinking is__________ 查看材料
A.not a mental process
B.more of a physical process than a mental action
C.a process that involves our entire bodies
D.a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain
第4题
Do women tend to devalue（贬低) the worth of their work？ Do they apply different standards
Do women tend to devalue(贬低) the worth of their work？ Do they apply different standards to rewarding their own work more critically than they do to rewarding the work of others？ These were the questions asked by Michigan State University psychologists Lawrence Messe and Charlene Callahan-Levy. Past experiments had shown that when women were asked to decide how much to pay themselves and other people for the same job, they paid themselves less. Following up on this finding, Messe and Callahan-Levy designed experiments to test several popular explanations of why women tend to get less in pay situations.
One theory the psychologists tested was that women judge their own work more harshly than that of others. The subjects for the experiment testing this theory were men and women from the Michigan State undergraduate student body. The job the subjects were asked to perform. for pay was an opinion questionnaire(调查表) requiring a number of short essays on campus-related issues. After completing the questionnaire, some subjects were given six dollars in bills and change and were asked to decide payment for themselves. Others were given the same amount and were asked to decide payment for another subject who had also completed the questionnaire.
The psychologists found that, as in earlier experiments, the women paid themselves less than the men paid themselves. They also found that the women paid themselves less than they paid other women and less than the men paid the women. The differences were substantial. The average paid to women by themselves was $ 2.97. The average paid to men by themselves was $ 4.06. The average paid to women by others was $ 4.37. In spite of the differences, the psychologists found that the men and the women in the experiment evaluated their own performances on the questionnaire about equally and better than the expected performances of others.
On the basis of these findings, Messe and Callahan-Levy concluded that women's attachment of a comparatively low monetary value to their work cannot be based entirely on their judgment of their own ability.
The experiment designed in the passage would be most relevant to the formulation(陈述，表述) of a theory concerning the ______.
A．generally lower salaries received by women workers in comparison to men
B．reluctance of some women to enter professions that are traditionally dominated by men
C．anxiety expressed by some women workers in dealing with male supervisors
D．prejudices often suffered by women in attempting to enter the workforce
第5题
Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the
brain alone, but that one’s muscles also participate (take part in). It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.
You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your cars but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra (music band) even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.
Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.
The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.
1、Few people are able to listen to familiar music without ______.
A、moving some part of their body
B、stopping what they arc doing to listen
C、directing the orchestra playing it
D、wishing that they could conduct music properly
2、Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to ______.
A、hear the music
B、enjoy the music fully
C、appreciate the music completely
D、understand the music
3、The best title for this selection is______.
A、An Ear for Music
B、Music Appreciation
C、How Muscles Participate in Menial Acts
D、A Psychological Definition of the Thinking Process
4、The pronounced body motions are a listener’s way of ______.
A、"feeling" the music
B、participating in the performance
C、deriving enjoyment from the music
D、all of the above
5、Some psychologists maintain that thinking is ______.
A、not a mental process
B、more of a physical process than a mental action
C、a process that involves our entire bodies
D、a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain
第6题
What makes one person more intelligent than another?What makes one person a genius,like the brilliant Albert Einstein,and another person a fool?Are people born intelligent or stupid,or is intelligence the result of where and how you live?These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.We know,however,that just being born with a good mind is not enough.In some ways,the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle.It needs exercise.Mental (done with the mind) exercise is particularly important for young children.Many child psychologists(心理学家)think that parents should play with their children more often and give the m proble ms to think about.The children are then more likelv to qrow uin hrioht and intelligent.If,on the other hand,children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do,they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.Parents should also be careful with what they say to young children.According to some psychologists,if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot,then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things.So it is probably better for parents to say very positive (helpful) things to their children,such as‘That was a very clever thing you did.’or‘You are such a smart child.’1.The words‘intelligent’and‘brilliant’in the first paragraph probably mean（）while‘dull’in the second paragraph means（）.A.pretty and handsome;ordinary-lookingB.hopeful and helpful;carelessC.bright and splendid;slow in thinking and understandingD.great and important;common2.According to the context we can guess that a genius is（）while an idiot is（）.A.a normal person;a funny personB.a strong person;a weak personC.a highly intelligent person;a foolish or weak-minded personD.a famous person;an ordinary person3.A person（）is more likely to become a genius.A.born with a good brain and putting it into active useB.often helped by his parents and teachersC.often thinking about difficult problemsD.whose parents are clever4.It is better for parents（）.A.to be hard on their childrenB.to praise and encourage their children more oftenC.to leave their children alone with nothing to doD.to give their children as much help as possible5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?（）A.Parents play an important part in their children’s growth.B.What makes a person bright or stupid is still under discussion.C.The less you use your mind the duller you may become.D.Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live.
第7题
Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard, they also relax just as well.Numerous v
acations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional wellbeingand it’s no surprise to health care professionals.
点击查看答案
“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s wellbeing and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation is an important part of this as well, ” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off.“We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing，so a rested，relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better, ” said Withers.
Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind.“The impact that taking a vacation has on one’s mental health is great, ” said Francine Lederer, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management.“Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation，even if it is a 24hour timeout.” The trips could be good for their health, good for their family and good for their businesses.
The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days—but only used 14 of them. France topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued, but that’s not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.
Psychologists have also found that people who don’t take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future.“Without time and opportunity to do this，the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker, making it actually more difficult to shift into lessstressed states, ” Mulhern said.
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-17.According to Natasha Withers，vacations can________.
A、weaken reaction system
B、cure serious diseases
C、reduce the level of wellbeing
D、decrease the risk of heart disease
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-20.What is mainly talked about in the text？
A、Ways to relax in one’s free time.
B、The benefits of taking time off.
C、Different opinions on holidays.
D、The Hostetlers always on the go.
第8题
Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations(even temporary ones), people would have more anger and less cooperation; In more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. Some researchers, who study various aspects of effect of noise in people's mental life, maintain that noise, either temporary noise or permanent noise, often destroy creativity and activity by disturbing people's emotion and make them more easily annoyed and hard to cooperate.
However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured physically in decibels(分贝). "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise(that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically.
Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.
According to the passage, people （） .
A.can not complete his work in a noisy situation
B.will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution
C.can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories
D.may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding
第9题
What does it mean to be intelligent？ Most psychologists agree that abstract reasoning, pro
blem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge are all【C1】______of intelligence. However, there is【C2】______agreement on other factors,【C3】______mental speed and creativity. Anyone who takes an intelligence test will be given an IQ score. This score allows【C4】______with people of the same age, on the【C5】______that 100 is the average IQ.【C6】______97% of people score【C7】______between 70 and 130. But what do IQ tests measure？ To some【C8】______they measure our knowledge and vocabulary. But they also【C9】______on the size of working memory, speed of【C10】______, and an ability to choose appropriate strategies for solving particular problems. IQ tests were created almost 100 years ago and have generated【C11】______controversy since then. It has been found that IQ scores in America improved【C12】______20 to 30 points over the course of the 20th century. It does not make【C13】______to believe that this increase is due to big leaps in inherited intelligence from one generation to another. Instead, it seems likely that【C14】______generations have been better schooled in【C15】______it takes to do well on the tests. For many psychologists, it seems absurd to【C16】______the whole of human intelligence to the single score obtained on an IQ test【C17】______, they emphasize multiple intelligences. Someone who is skilled at learning languages may not be musically talented.【C18】______, our intelligence seems to vary according to how familiar we are【C19】______particular situations. One group of 10-year-old street vendors in Brazil, with very little schooling, were good at giving the right change, but did much worse when given【C20】______questions presented like school tasks.
点击查看答案
【C1】
A．components
B．aspects
C．ingredients
D．phenomena
第10题
What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein,and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid,or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.
We know, however,that just being born with a good mind is not enough.In some ways,the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle.It needs exercise.Mental (done with the mind) exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problem s to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.
Parents should also be careful what they say to young children.According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children such as"That was a very clever thing you did"or "You are such a smart child.
11. The questions in the first paragraph are raised to().
A. prove that there are no answers to these questions
B. compare Albert Einstein with ordinary people
C. summarise the characters of an intelligent person
D. introduce the topic of what makes a clever mind
12、According to the context we can guess that a genius is()while an idiot is().
A. a strong person..a weak person
B. a highly intelligent person.a foolish or weak -minded person
C. a famous person.. an ordinary person
D. A normal person.a funny person
13、A person()is more likely to become a genius.
A. who is born with a good brain and putting it to active use
B. who often thinks about difficult problems
C. who is often helped by his parents and teachers
D. whose parents are clever
14、It is better for parents().
A. to praise and encourage their children more often
B. to be hard on their children
C. to give their children as much help as possible
D. To leave their children alone with nothing to do
15、Which of the following is NOT true according to the article? ()
A. Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live.
B. The less you use your mind the duller you may become.
C. Parents play an important part in their children's growth.
D. Parents should always encourage their children.
