Factors that bring Chinese students back home

英译中

To build a socialist society that is democratic and law-based, fair and just, trustworthy and friendly, full of vigor and vitality, secure and orderly, and in which man and nature are in harmony, we need to unite all forces that can be united, bring all positive factors into full play and stimulate the creativity of the entire society. We need to properly balance the interests of all quarters and ensure that everyone shares the fruits of reform. and development. We also need to balance reform, development and stability and strive to create favorable conditions and a good climate for sustained economic and social development.

Market prices may move up or down (or remain the same)in response to a host of factors causing shifts in supply (the whole supply curve) or demand (the whole demand curve) or both together.

Bad weather makes prices go up--not just the prices of agricultural products, but of a great many other goods ranging from steel to nightgowns--because of interruptions in production, breakdowns in transportation, power failures, etc.

Changes in technology cause shifts in supply curves; a more efficient way of making transistors bring down the prices of calculators, computers, radios, television sets, record players, recorders. Increases in the scale of production, as we have seen, often bring down certain production prices.

Shrinking. oil and mineral reserves contract supply, and prices move up. "Diseconomies" resulting from shrinking scales of production, as when the market for handmade pocket books, horse-drawn carriage, grandfather clocks, custom tailoring, and handmade furniture contracts, push up the price of such products not only absolutely, but relatively far above what they were in the old days, when skilled labor was cheaper and more abundant.

With which of the following topics is the author primarily concerned？

A．The effects of climate on the economy.

B．The relation between market prices and technological change.

C．The effect of shifts in supply and demand on market prices.

D．The increasing cost of skilled labor.

Female Managers' Interactive Leadership

When women do become managers, do they bring a different style. and different skills to the job？ Are they better, or worse, managers than men？ Are women more highly motivated(工作积极,有动力)and _____(1) than mate managers？

Some research _____(2) the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater cooperativeness(合作精神), an emphasis on affiliation (联系) and attachment(忠诚), and a_____(3) to bring emotional factors to bear in making workplace decisions．These differences are _____(4) to carry advantages for companies, _____(5) they expand(扩展)the range of techniques that can be used to_____ (6)the company manage its workforce _____(7).

A study commissioned by the International Women's Forum _____ (8) a management

style. used by some women, managers (and also by some men) that _____(9) from the

command-and-control style_____ (10) used by mate managers．Using this “interactive leadership”approach,“women_____(11) participation, share power and information,_____(12) other people's self-worth, and get others excited about their work．All these things reflect their belief that allowing_____ (13) to contribute(贡献)and to feel_____ (14) and important is a win-win_____ (15) - good for the employees and the organization．” The study's director predicted that “interactive leadership may emerge as the management style of choice for many organizations．”

第 51 题

A．confronted

B．commanded

C．confined

D．committed

Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature. Autumn is the next best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking.

Generally speaking, it is far fitter for creative thinking when the weather is ______ .

A．sunny and fine

B．windy and rainy

C．warm and wet

D．neither cold nor hot

Passage Four

If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of year. A noted scientist, Ells- worth Huntington (1876-1947) concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and: temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.

He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than summer heat is. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that mental, abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.

Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.

Fall is the next best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!

46. According to the passage, your mental ability ______.

A. depends on your attitude towards people in different time of the year

B. changes for the worst when you dislike most people in hot season

C. will be best in winter and worst in summer if you want to be creative

D. turns to be more powerful in spring than in any of the other seasons

阅读理解

阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容，完成相应的选择题。

THREE STEPS TO A GOOD MARKETING BUDGET

Without good budget management, you are likely to overspend on marketing accidentally. Here are three steps that help to make a good marketing budget.

STEP 1A、ORGANIZE FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The first step is to be clear of your current financial situation. You need to know how much money your company makes monthly and the changes that might arise in the future. Although income flows change throughout the year, you must organize the information based on reliable revenue — the minimum amount of money your company makes each month.

A realistic budget plan will always focus on the income that exceeds the expenses, not the total revenue that comes in. When you have determined the amount of disposable income available for the company, you should determine where the money will go.

STEP 2A、DETERMINE WHERE YOU WANT TO SPEND MARKETING FUNDS

After you know the total amount available to spend on marketing, the next step is how you plan to spend that money. Three main factors decide how you spend marketing fundsA、the budget amount, your past experiences, and where you can reach the right audience.

You will start organizing how to spend the funds based on the amount. Besides, you need to consider the strategies that have worked in the past. Also, you need to consider which marketing channels will allow you to reach the right audience.

STEP 3A、ASSESS DATA AND MAKE APPROPRIATE CHANGES

The final step in building a good marketing budget is the analysis of the plan and any changes that may improve revenue. Ultimately, marketing is designed to bring in extra revenue. If the activity does not bring in any additional revenue over its cost, then it is better to change strategy and try something else.

Assessing the data is a vital part of creating an effective marketing strategy. Evaluation begins with comparing past performance to the performance after marketing the product or services. However, a good budget alone is not enough. You have to take action and remain committed to following through your plan. By keeping the budget in mind when you make decisions, you will have the opportunity to work out different strategies to find the best solutions for your business goals and prevent overspending on marketing.

操作提示：通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。

1. What should the budget plan be based on？ {A; B; C}

A. The company's reliable expense.

B. The company's reliable income.

C. The company's reliable cost.

2. What does “disposable income” mean in Passage 3？ {A; B; C}

A. Total income.

B. Previous income.

C. Net income.

3. You have to be clear of ________________when organizing financial information. {A; B; C}

A. the income and expenses

B. the marketing fund

C. the budget management

4. The three main factors that decide how you spend marketing funds are _______________. {A; B; C}

A. the money you have earned, the actual expenses and the money you will expend

B. the budget amount, your past experiences and where you can reach the right audience

C. the assets you have, the product and the income

5. Keeping the budget in mind when making marketing decisions will avoid ______________. {A; B; C}

A. using less than you earn

B. using money unnecessarily

C. using more than you earn

Having a good self-image means that people have positive25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable26, and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic29of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.

Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to32stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.

Satisfying social relations are vital to37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to38, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of40 conflicts in a constructive way.

21.

[A] unstable

[B] unsure

[C] imprecise

[D] impractical

阅读理解

CREATE A POSITIVE WORKPLACE CULTURE

In competitive markets, leaders are under increased pressure to maintain a positive work culture. A positive work culture cultivates greater employee satisfaction; greater employee satisfaction contributes to higher performance; higher performance impacts improved client outcomes; improved client outcomes contribute to service excellence.

Positive work cultures are built over time and need constant attention. Such cultures are dependent on leadership vision and values.

An effective leader sets the tone for the team, encourages a positive workplace culture and is able to bring about cultural change.

Workplace culture is made up of the shared attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, values and expectations that influence the way people work in the workplace. It is “the way we do things around here”.

Some cultural aspects are understood by all and are obvious such as turning up for wok on time, while others may be "unwritten rules" that are not so obvious for example how personal issues are resolved with work colleagues.

Many factors that influence whether a workplace has a positive outlook are within the control of people who work in a workplace. There are also factors out of their control, such as slumps in global prices or a change in demand and supply. The company can, however, control how they respond to these factors.

Those companies that do create positive workplace environments develop a reputation in their community as being ‘good to work for' and have a competitive edge. Not only are these companies more able to attract and retain people, they tend to be more stable as they proactively deal with issues and adapt to change.

Teams work best when they are clear about what is expected of them. They are more able to deal with difficult issues if they feel the values of the organization are supportive of them.

For a workplace culture to be positive, the direction and actions of the business must be consistent with the core values of the people in the workplace. The people must trust each other and be able to openly express and exchange ideas.

Working through these steps will help with developing a positive business culture.

操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. A positive work culture will give workers more satisfaction.{T; F}

2. Positive cultures have a lot to do with leadership vision and values.{T; F}

3. The direction and actions for the business must differ from the core values of the employees in order for a workplace culture to be positive.{T; F}

4. In competitive markets, leaders are under more and more pressure to keep a positive work culture.{T; F}

5. Positive work culture can be built in a short period of time.{T; F}

Having a good self-image means that people have positive 【25】______ pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 【26】______ , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 【27】______ like others. Having a good self-image is based 【28】______ a realistic 【29】______ of one's own worth and value and capabilities.

Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 【30】______ of our society. People of all ages 【31】______ stress. Children begin to 【32】______ stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress inducing 【33】______ in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 【34】______ academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 【35】______ to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 【36】______ another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual's physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.

Satisfying social relations are vital to 【37】______ mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to, 【38】______ , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 【39】______ the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence and help each other. They must also be capable of 【40】______ conflicts in a constructive way.

【21】

A．unstable

B．unsure

C．imprecise

D．impractical

Law enforcement agencies are beginning to show interests in the effect of atmospheric conditions on behavior. Every year, the FBI's Uniform. Crime Reports provide break-downs of the crime rates by month and season of the year. Both monthly and seasonal variations are considered to reflect the varying influence of temperature, precipitation, humidity, length of daylight, and a number of other climatological factors.

Various studies find relationships between specific climatological conditions and crime. Rising temperature is generally accompanied by increase in aggression and violent crime. On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the incidence of physical activity and aggression. Rain, cloud cover, and other forms of inclement weather are associated with lower levels of property crimes and increased depression.

Our study showed that low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied. The analysis also shows that as humidity increase the level of crime decreases. Temperature also has a great effect. Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries/larcenies, but it does increase the other crime categories. Burglaries/larcenies (day and night) and daytime assaults also tend to increase along with cloud cover. Except for wind speed and barometric pressure with regard to daytime assaults, the remaining weather factors have virtually no influence on the levels of crime.

Individuals who respond with criminal behavior. to weather change or weather extremes may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences. Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible countermeasure to aggressive stimuli due to increased temperature or other weather variables.

Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather crime interaction. This approach may not be feasible due to the many relationships between weather/ climate and the rotation of the earth. Minor changes may be possible such as regulation of rainfall of sky cover. On the other hand, temperature control may be impossible.

More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationship between crime and the various climatological factors. Once this is accomplished, it will be necessary to devise more accurate means of forecasting the weather, counteracting the effects of weather on human behavior, and controlling the environment, or identifying other approaches to the problem.

People are likely to be very active and aggressive

A．when it is rainy and cloudy.

B．as humidity increases.

C．when there is little moisture.

D．as temperature decreases.