Alternative Legal Billing - Win StrategiesHourly billing is the best way to be charged f

第1题

collection, note, notify, unless, if, no alternative but, failure, failDear Sirs, I am afraid your

collection, note, notify, unless, if, no alternative but, failure, fail

Dear Sirs,

I am afraid your(1)to settle your account, which is over due for more than six months, will ]cave us with(2)resort to legal proceedings.

This is to(3)you that(4)we receive your check for ＄7550.50 by June 30, we will place your account in the hands of our attorneys for(5).

Yours sincerely,

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第2题

ALTERNATIVE LEGAL BILLING – WIN STRATEGIESHourly billing is the best way to be charged f

ALTERNATIVE LEGAL BILLING – WIN STRATEGIES

Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services. About 95 percent of lawyers still perform. their legal work on an hourly basis. If you want something better than the old “bill by the hour” deal, try presenting one of these billing structures.

PROJECT BILLING FOR ROUTINE ISSUES

If your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks, consider a flat-fee approach. Once you get a project billing estimate, don't hesitate to shop around to compare prices and services with other law firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your company.

RESULTS-ORIENTED OPTIONS

“Pay-according-to-success” is one choice. It considers fees based on the outcome of the case and the performance of your counsel. Contingency fees turn the matter into a shared risk or shared encouragement, making the law firm your business partner, not just representation.

MULTI-LAYERED TASKS

If you're shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties, consider using blended hourly fees. The firm calculates in advance an “average” rate based on the anticipated time each lawyer spends on the matter.

This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partner's hourly rate for research that should be conducted by a junior associate.

Legal “Insurance”

The contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer without needing to eye the clock. This approach works like a legal insurance policy. It encourages companies to contact their counsel on non-litigation, non-crisis matters, and to save money in the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action.

1. {A; B; C} is the best way to be charged for legal services.

A. Results-oriented billing

B. Hourly billing

C. Flat-fee billing

2. A flat-fee approach {A; B; C}.

A. is suitable for repetitive tasks

B. is useless

C. is the best choice.

3. {A; B; C} make the law firm share your risk and encouragement.

A. Contract fees

B. Blended hourly fees

C. Contingency fees

4. Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using {A; B; C}.

A. blended hourly fees

B. insurance fees

C. hourly fees

5. You have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose {A; B; C}.

A. legal “Insurance”

B. the old “bill by the hour” deal

C. a flat-fee approach

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第3题

Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and

own. Intellectual proper__62__from creative thinking and may include products, __63__, processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected__64__ misappropriation(盗用).Misappropriation is taking the Intellectual property of others with our__65__ compensation and using it for monetary gain.

Legal protection is provided for the __66__of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the US patent office __67__ a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is __68__. The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owner’s__69__ for a period of 20 years.

Copyrights are similar to patents __70__that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an __72__artisitic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy, __72__ display, or perform. the work.. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work, the __73__ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author__74__an additional 70 years.

Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and__75__it from similar goods of others. A service mark is similar to a trademark__76__is used to identify services. A trademark prevents others from using the__77__or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and__78__of the brand or to create confusion in the market place__79__registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be__80__fo additional ten-year periods indefinitely as__81__as the mark’s use continues.

62. [A]retrieves [B]deviates [C]results [D]departs

63.[A]services [B]reserves [C]assumptions [D]motions

64. [A]for [B] with [C]by [D]from

65. [A] sound [B] partial [C] due [D] random

66. [A] users [B] owners [C] masters [D] executives

67. [A] affords [B] affiliates [C] funds [D] grants

68. [A] solemn [B] sober [C] unique [D] universal

69. [A] perspective [B] permission [C] conformity [D] consensus

70. [A] except [B] besides [C] beyond [D] despite

71. [A] absolute [B] alternative [C] original [D] orthodox

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第4题

5 You are the audit manager for three clients of Bertie & Co, a firm of Chartered Cert

ified Accountants. The financial

year end for each client is 30 September 2007.

You are reviewing the audit senior’s proposed audit reports for two clients, Alpha Co and Deema Co.

Alpha Co, a listed company, permanently closed several factories in May 2007, with all costs of closure finalised and

paid in August 2007. The factories all produced the same item, which contributed 10% of Alpha Co’s total revenue

for the year ended 30 September 2007 (2006 – 23%). The closure has been discussed accurately and fully in the

chairman’s statement and Directors’ Report. However, the closure is not mentioned in the notes to the financial

statements, nor separately disclosed on the financial statements.

The audit senior has proposed an unmodified audit opinion for Alpha Co as the matter has been fully addressed in

the chairman’s statement and Directors’ Report.

In October 2007 a legal claim was filed against Deema Co, a retailer of toys. The claim is from a customer who slipped

on a greasy step outside one of the retail outlets. The matter has been fully disclosed as a material contingent liability

in the notes to the financial statements, and audit working papers provide sufficient evidence that no provision is

necessary as Deema Co’s lawyers have stated in writing that the likelihood of the claim succeeding is only possible.

The amount of the claim is fixed and is adequately covered by cash resources.

The audit senior proposes that the audit opinion for Deema Co should not be qualified, but that an emphasis of matter

paragraph should be included after the audit opinion to highlight the situation.

Hugh Co was incorporated in October 2006, using a bank loan for finance. Revenue for the first year of trading is

$750,000, and there are hopes of rapid growth in the next few years. The business retails luxury hand made wooden

toys, currently in a single retail outlet. The two directors (who also own all of the shares in Hugh Co) are aware that

due to the small size of the company, the financial statements do not have to be subject to annual external audit, but

they are unsure whether there would be any benefit in a voluntary audit of the first year financial statements. The

directors are also aware that a review of the financial statements could be performed as an alternative to a full audit.

Hugh Co currently employs a part-time, part-qualified accountant, Monty Parkes, who has prepared a year end

balance sheet and income statement, and who produces summary management accounts every three months.

Required:

(a) Evaluate whether the audit senior’s proposed audit report is appropriate, and where you disagree with the

proposed report, recommend the amendment necessary to the audit report of:

(i) Alpha Co; (6 marks)

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第5题

补体旁路途径（alternative pathway)（名词解释)

补体旁路途径(alternative pathway)(名词解释)

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第6题

选择成本（Alternative cost）

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第7题

［A］ alternative ［B］ secondary ［C］ intermediate［D］ fundamental

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第8题

alternative

A.选择余地

B.直航

C.车费

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第9题

______（increase)，new technology is making it easier for us to find alternative methods of

______(increase)，new technology is making it easier for us to find alternative methods of testing.

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