Paradox of value 价值悖论

200多年前，亚当·斯密在《国富论》中提出了价值悖论(The Paradox of Value)：“水与钻石的价值之谜”——没有什么能比水更有用，然而水很少能交换到任何东西。相反，钻石几乎没有任何用处，但却经常可以交换到大量的其他物品。同学们怎样合理地对价值悖论做出合理的解释？(提示：商品的价值或价格由边际效用而不是总效用决定；商品相对稀缺性——由供给决定——影响价格。)

A．Diamond-rust Paradox

B．Gold-Water Paradox

C．Diamond-Water Paradox

A.there is no rational explanation why people should set a high value on objects such as diamonds, which have little real usefulness.

B.the price obtained from selling any commodity may bear little relationship to the cost of producing it.

C.no one consumer has any control over the price (or value) of a commodity, but consumers collectively do have such control.

D.there is no consistent relationship between the total utility obtained from any commodity and the price charged for it.

A.物流价格

B.物流成本

C.物流收益

D.物流价值

A.物流价格

B.物流效益

C.物流价值

D.物流成本

A.师范人格的模范公民

B.价值悖离的圣职形象

C.民主互动的良师益友

D.价值均衡的专业形象

A.重量-体积比

B.价值-重量比

C.可替代性

D.风险特征

A.形式合理性

B.动力合理性

C.构成合理性

D.内容合理性

E.价值合理性

内在价值(intrinsic value)