Fillers are most often added to improve tensile strength, and ().

f the audience.【67】the writer often does not know who will read what he writes, he must【68】to be as clear as possible. Time can be taken to plan the piece of writing so that it is eventually organized into some sort of【69】sequence of events or ideas. When we speak, however, we normally have very little time to plan what we【70】to say. Since we are actually【71】our audience face to face we may【72】some of the information we believe our audience shares. And the more【73】we are with our audience, the more information we are likely to leave out. In any【74】they can always stop and ask a question or ask for【75】if we have left out too much. A reader, however, cannot do this but can at least attempt comprehension at his own speed;【76】, he can stop and go backwards or forwards,【77】to a dictionary or just stop and rest. When we listen we may have to work hard to【78】out the speaker's thoughts by referring backwards and forwards while the speaker continues. As the speaker【79】to organize his thoughts, he will use Filler phrases to give him time to plan. In spite of these fillers, he will【80】make mistakes and repeat what he has already said. His speech will be characterized【81】a limited range of grammatical patterns and vocabulary and the use of idioms to【82】some general meaning quickly. It should be clear, then, that the listener has to take an active【83】in the process by ignoring the speaker's【84】and mistakes, and by seeking out the main idea information through recall and prediction. To keep the process going【85】he also has to inform. the speaker that he has understood【86】actually interrupting.

(68)

A．However

B．Since

C．Although

D．Unless

ly because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care and upbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have children, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children. With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased their ages marriage, and sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20.3 and 22.8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26.0 and 27.7. These changes in age at mariage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings. The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on roaring of children. These effects are not due to lower marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children. Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job in raising their children, common sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive (非认知性) traits of children, These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousness in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect, on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding. I am not claiming that children are worst oft" when their parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or ff they bad abusive (粗暴的) fathers. Rather, it, appears that up to a significant point, children are, better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal. What do we learn from the first paragraph about marriage？

A.It is primarily a necessary step to have children.

B.It meets resistance in Western and other rich countries.

C.It has a tremendous impact on the rearing of children.

D.It is the most important institution throughout history.

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