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How certain ants have come to cultivate fungi as their sole diet has been a subject of

a good deal of speculation. Perhaps the most reasonable explanation is as follows. Ants have a pouch in the bottom of their mouths called the infrabuccal pocket. Any solid food they eat goes into this pocket, where the soluble substances are dissolved. The liquid solution is swallowed, but the solids are screened out and accumulate in the pouch. Being fastidious animals, much of the ants leisure time is spent in combing bits of dirt and debris off their bodies. This grooming is accomplished by means of fine combs on their forelegs. The combs, in turn, are cleaned by passing them neatly through the mouth. So the particles of dust, dirt, and other solid matter so acquired end up in the infrabuccal pocket. In time the pouch becomes filled, and the contents are thrown out, much as a baseball player or cowboy may dispose of a spent chew of tobacco.

Before such disposal, the pouch is moist and warm, and it is highly likely that among its contents would be a great variety if microscopic fungus spores, or seeds. Although most if the spores perish in the pouch, others thrive, When the waste material is deposited in the nest, fungi grow and cover the material. Since certain kinds of fungi are high in food value, and since the ants can subsist on them, it is not surprising that some of the more clever kinds of ants should have learned to cultivate them.

(1).What is the purpose of the infrabuccal pocket in ants？

选项格式A、To digest solid foods

B、To collect debris

C、To liquefy solids

D、To hold soluble substances

(2).According to the passage, ants constantly groom themselves because

A、they have a strong desire to be clean

B、dirt in their bodies prevents them moving quickly

C、they have very little to occupy their time

D、it is a type of social ritual

(3).What do ants do to clean out their infrabuccal pockets？

选项格式A、Swallow the accumulated debris

B、Turn the pockets inside out

C、Spit out the waste material

D、Remove the pockets for cleaning

(4).According to the passage, the spores in the infrabuccal poclets

选项格式A、mainly die

B、never survive

C、dry up

D、mostly thrive

(5).We understand from the passage that when the infrabuccal pockets are cleaned out

选项格式A、the waste material is made into the nests

B、spores in the material develop into fungi

C、the material is consumed by fungi

D、seeds fall to the ground and start to cover the material

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更多“How certain ants have come to …”相关的问题

第1题

Through a series of experiments an American scientist has obtained an understanding of the
social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants examined are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they cultivate gardens on soil made from finely chopped leaves. This is a complex operation requiring considerable division of labor. The workers of this type of ants can be divided into four groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs.

The making and care of the gardens and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for chopping up leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. A third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The largest are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the nest.

To find out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size-groups, and then measured how efficiently these ants could find leaves and nm back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size-groups. In this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it.

The intermediate-sized ants that normally perform. this task proved to be the most efficient for their energy costs, but when the scientist examined the whole set of jobs performed by each group of ants it appeared that some sizes of worker ants were not ideally suited to the particular jobs they performed.

In what way are the ants different from other non-human societies？

A．They do not need to search for food.

B．They do not need to look for shelter.

C．Individuals vary in social status.

D．Individuals perform. different functions.

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第2题

Night of the Living Ants When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest．

Night of the Living Ants

When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest．This behavior. is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure-and so soon-that another ant is dead．

Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California，found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants，“I’m dead-take me away．”

But there's a twist to Choe's discovery．Choe says that the living ants-not just the dead ones -have this death chemical．In other words，while an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead．

What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead？Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，“Wait-I'm not dead yet．” So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，“I'm dead，”the other set says，“I'm not dead yet．”

Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead．If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes up．That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive．

Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies．the chemical that says“Wait-I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away．Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says“I'm dead”is left．“It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(墓地)，not because its body releases new，unique chemicals after death，”said Choe．When other ants detect the“dead”chemical without the“not dead yet”chemical，they haul away the body．This was Choe's hypothesis(假设)．

To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹)． When the scientists used the“I'm dead”chemical，other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae away． When the scientists used the“Wait-I'm not dead yet”chemical，other ants left the treated pupae alone． Choe believes this behavior. shows that the“not dead yet”chemical overrides(优胜于)the“dead”chemical when picked up by adult ants．And that when an ant dies，the“not dead yet”chemical fades away． Other nearby ants then detect the remaining“dead”chemical and remove the body from the nest．

The phrase“this death chemical”in paragraph 3 refers to

A．the chemical that contains poison．

B．the chemical that announces death．

C．the chemical that prevents death．

D．the chemical that causes death．

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第3题

－ How much is it？ － __________ .A、It's hard to say.B、I can't tell you.C、We hav

A.It's hard to say.

B.I can't tell you.

C.We have a lot of them.

D.It's 84 dollars.

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第4题

DThere are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual （个体的） ant hard

D

There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual （个体的） ant hardly weigh anything， but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind． They also live nearly everywhere， except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size， ants have been astonishingly successful， largely due to their wonderful social behavior.

In colonies （群体） that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions， they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate， ants depend primarily on pheromone （外激素）， chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food， it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying， it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.

In fact， when it comes to the art of war， ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves， attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.

Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner， these little creatures have survived on Earth， for more than 140 million years， far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one， they have a collective （集体的） intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.

根据材料回答68-71题。 We can learn from the passage that ants are ____________.

A.not willing to share food

B.not found around the poles

C.more successful than all other animals

D.too many to achieve any level of organization

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第5题

Ants have outsmarted me on more than one occasion.In particular, there was a weekend
last summer when an ant scientist was a guest at our cottage.I boasted to my naturalist friend that I could store food in an open container for a whole week and keep it safely out of the reach of house ants.Sunday night the experiment got under way.I put a large wooden tub on the kitchen floor of our cottage.After filling it to about the three-quarters mark with water, I placed a high wooden stand in the middle of it.On top of the stool, I put a saucer containing the bait: three or four pieces of rich chocolate candy.Then I painted a wide band of very slow-drying glue around the outside of the wooden tub.With that, I stood back and admired my ant trap, fully confident that the bait would be untouched upon my return to the cottage the following weekend.When my naturalist friend and I entered the cottage just six days later, ants were swarming over the bait! Here's how they put me to shame.Single files of ants had marched head-on into the band of glue around the outside of the wooden tub.A handful of them had endured martyrdom, for they had embedded themselves end to end, and made causeways of their bodies.The tempting bait on top of the stool must have caused the little creatures to use their brains to the limit.Ants hate water, but they had been courageous enough to build a highway across the stretch of water to a leg of the stool.They had assembled tiny pieces of grass and bits of wood no longer than a thirty-second of an inch, and had glued them together with saliva until their bridge extended from shore to island.Once they reached the leg of the wooden stool, traffic was almost all one way toward the chocolate bait.But there were some show-off fellows around, too; they were doing things which ants have been known to do very rarely.We noticed that a half dozen or so were walking across the ceiling, and when they came directly over the bait they let themselves fall squarely into the middle of their merry brothers.It is little wonder that I have been on the trail of ants ever since, trying to trip them up or at least learn some of the special tactics that they use.

1.The writer wanted to convince his friend that().

A.he knew more about ants than the scientist

B.he could keep ants away from food

C.ants are more intelligent than human beings

D.he could make experiments with ants

2.The experiment was carried out in().

A.the laboratory

B.an unused shed

C.the kitchen

D.the living-room

3.When the writer and his friend entered the cottage six days later, they found().

A.a lot of ants eating the chocolate candy

B.dead ants everywhere

C.swarms of ants marching around the tub

D.swarms of ants walking across the ceiling

4.The bait was().

A.in the middle of the water

B.kept on the water

C.at the top of the tub

D.on a stool in the tub

5.The ants managed to get over glue by().

A.marching courageously across it

B.going round it in single files

C.covering it with their bodies

D.making a bridge with grass and wood

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第6题

If the ratio of brown cars to blue cars in a certain parking lot is 2:3, how many brown ca
rs are in the lot？

(1) There are 15 blue cars in the lot.

(2) There are 25 cars total in the lot.

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第7题

什么是“策略性行动"？造成一定类型的声誉为什么会是一种策略性行动？What is a“strategic move"？ How can the development o[ a certain kind of repulation be a strategic move？

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第8题

The scores reported for a certain multiple-choice test were derived by subtracting 1/3 of
the number of wrong answers from the number of right answers. On a 40-question test, if none of the questions was omitted and the score reported was 20, how many wrong answers were there？

A．5

B．10

C．15

D．25

E．30

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第9题

You can't be certain of ___ going to happen .

A、what's

B、that's

C、it's

D、how's

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第10题

英译中Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who i

英译中

Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

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