Any policy that may lead to the rise in unemployment is likely to meet with strong________(resist).

The chapter's discussion of“Inflation Bias and Other Problems of Policy Formulation” suggests (paragraph 4) that there may not really be any such thing as a permanent fiscal expansion. What do you think？ How would these considerations affect the exchange rate and output effects of fiscal policy？ Do you see any parallels with the chapter's discussion of the longer-run impact of current account imbalances？

A.Its permanent insurance protection from the day you were born until you die.

B.Its permanent insurance protection that protects you for your whole life, from the day you buy it until you die.

C.its insurance protection for your whole family members.

D.Its income protection insurance.

for, claim, on, in, at, it, that under, with, insurer, insurance, call Dear Sirs,

Thank you for your letter of 20 May with a claim(1)breakages.

Your(2)is for GB￡200(3)the shipment delivered on 18 May to your order No．2423.

The goods were(4)perfect order and properly packed in cardboard boxes．They were then placed in a sealed container(5)our factory． (6) is difficult to imagine how any breakages could occur.

Fortunately, the goods were fully insured(7)our standard policy(8)Lloyds of London, but in order to make a claim we shall need much more information.

Please make a complete inventory of the broken items and send it to us．We shall then contact our(9)．Their agent will probably(10)on you to check the consignment.

I apologize for the inconvenience caused.

Yours faithfully,

Questions 61-65 are based on Passage Two:

Passage Two

Science is a dominant theme in our culture．Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operatiom They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are, An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist．

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician． The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or-independent of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science．We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do． It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture． In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture．

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it．That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women．This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions． In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals．

To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when a'bsolutely necessary, alternating he and she．This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally．

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative,Our approach is usually informal． We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously． As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living．

According to the passage, “scientific subculture”means ()．

A．cultural groups that are formed by scientists

B．people whose knowledge of science is very limited

C． the scientific community

D． people who make good contributions to science

Usually insurance is arranged by the exporter (under CIF terms etc. ) or the importer (under FOB, CFR terms etc.) approaching an insurance company which has a department specializing in cargo insurance. They may start by inquiring and choosing the right coverage and then negotiate insurance premium rates. Sometimes, brokers may be utilized whose assistance can be of enormous benefit as they are highly skilled specialists and can obtain sound and reliable coverage, together with competitive premium rates. In export trade, who will effect insurance depends on the particular trade terms adopted. Under CIF terms, it is the seller who arranges insurance with an insurance company. Under the terms as FOB, CFR, the buyer effects insurance, but he may ask the seller to arrange insurance on behalf of the buyer. An insurance policy is issued when goods are insured, but it is also usual for certificate of insurance to be issued for documentary purposes. An insurance policy is acrually a contract, serving as evidence of the arrangement between the insurer and the person taking out insurance. It forms part of the shipping documents.

In completing the insurance contract-the insurance policy-either party, buyer or seller, will undergo different steps, they are :

1. To apply for marine insurance

In some countries, the first step the insured party should take is to apply for insurance from a certain insurance company. The applicant should fill in the special form-the proposal form, which gives all the details concerning ownership, value, time span insurance will be for, risks and coverages, etc.

2. To determine the insurance value of the goods to be insured

Cenerally speaking, the value to be insured is based on the value of the commercial invoice; the need for maintaining adequate insurance has already been stressed. The recommended minimum amount is the total CIF value plus 10% for other fees and normal margin of profit. Probably the best way of determining needed insurance is to estimate the market value of the goods at the port of destination and to obtain coverage for that amount. Other methods of arriving at a valuation of goods may also be agreed,as determination of the value to be insured varies from country to country.

3. To determine the insurance average and coverage

Determining the right coverage sometimes can be easy, and sometimes difficult. The decision can be made only on the basis of the following factors : the nature of the product; packing considerations such as difference of air and sea transport; shipping route and ports consideration such as any transshipment on the way to the final port, etc. Based on the above factors , the insured may consider the averages and coverages. The average is closely linked with the goods and the goods,in return, are related with the coverage.

4. To determine insurance premium rates

The rates charged by the insurance company depend on many factors. The important determinants include the type of coverage desired, shipping routes, types of conveyances, duration of the voyage , and nature of the goods. Also important is each individual shipper's past loss experiences. Af'ter a period of favorable experience, rates may be lowered. Conversely,a shipper with a bad loss record may find his premiums increased. Generally, the greater the risks that the consignment is exposed to,the higher the premium will be. Premium for sending goods through the Persian Gulf,where the area is at a war, are much higher than sending oil through the Suez Canal. More exactly, the factors determining the insurance premium rates include the carrying vessel, nature of' the packing used, type of merchandise involved, nature of transit and related warehouse accommodation, previous experiences , the extent of cover needed and the volume of cargo involved.

5. To sign an insurance policy

Before filling in and signing an insurance policy, it is important to know what an insurance policy is and the kind of insurance policies. The most common policies being used now in the world today are msurance policy, insurance certificate and open policy , etc.

6. To lodge an insurance claim

Whenever an actual loss occurs ,it is important that the one having an interest in the goods can get fair, efficient, and rapid adjustment of his claims. A basic prerequisite for having a claim recognized by the insurance company is that the one making the claim has an insurable interest in the goods. Susceptibility to financial loss by the claim, if the shipment is lost or damaged,is sufficient to demonstrate an insurable interest. Claims can be made by the shipper,the buyer or even a carrier that has first lien on goods for unpaid freight charges. The one who registers a claim is not so easy. It needs patience, evidence and knowledge.

Most insurance company policies require that immediate notice be given to the nearest branch or agency in the event of damage giving rise to claim under a policy on goods. When notified of damage, the company's agent appoints a suitable surveyor to inspect the goods and to report on the nature and extent of damage. A common practice is for a report or certificate of loss incorporating the surveyor's findings to be issued to the consignees , the latter paying the fee. This certificate of loss is included with the claim papers and, if the loss is recoverable under the insurance cover,the fee is refunded to the claimants.

In some circumstances , the claim pap ers are returned to the place where the insurance was effected and subsequently to the underwriters. However, especially where goods are sold on CIF terms and the policy is assigned to the consignees;arrangements are made for any claims to be paid at destination. In such cases, the consignees approach the agents named in the policy for payment of their claims. Of course, the claims procedure will vary by circumstances but undoubtedly a quicker settlement should be secured in the event of loss or damage.

Questions for reading :

A. The intranet-auth authentication option

B. The redirect-portal application service

C. The uac-policy application service

D. The ipsec-vpn tunnel

Whether a policy, which is "good" in the aggregate sense, is also "good" for a particular person, however, is a different matter. If everyone had identical attributes, these criteria will always produce different outcomes. Any policy negotiated to attain an aggregate correctness will be wrong for every individual to whom the policy applies. The less a person conforms to the aggregate, the more wrong it will be.

When a policy is not working, we normally assume that the policy is right in form. but wrong in content. It has failed because insufficient intelligence has informed its construction or insufficient energy its implementation. We proceed to replace the old policy by a new one of: the same form. This buys time, since some time must elapse before the new policy can fully display the same set of symptoms of failure as the old. We thus continue to invest our time, energy, and other resources as if every new discovery of a nonworking policy is surprise, and a surprise that can be corrected with some reorganized model. But if policies based on complex, aggregated information are always wrong with respect to the preferences of every person to whom they apply, we should concentrate on limiting such policies to minima or "floors." Rather than trying for better policies, we should try for fewer policies or more limited aggregated ones. Such limitations could be designed to produce policies as spare and minimal as possible, for the resources not consumed in their operation would then be usable in a non-aggregative and person-specific ways--that is, in a disaggregated fashion. This will require more than just strengthened "local" capacity; it will require the development of new procedures, institutions, roles, and expectations.

Which of the following best states the central theme of the passage？

A．Policies designed to meet the needs of a large group of people are inherently imperfect and should be scaled down.

B．Policies created by the democratic process are less effective than policies designed by a single, concentrated body of authority.

C．The effectiveness of a social policy depends more upon the manner in which the policy is administered than upon its initial design.

D．Since policies created on the Federal level are inherently ineffective, all Federal social welfare programs should be discontinued.

Sam, who is aged 24 and single.

In November 2005 Stuart sold a house in Plymouth for ￡422,100. Stuart had inherited the house on the death of

his mother on 1 May 1994 when it had a probate value of ￡185,000. The subsequent pattern of occupation was as

follows:

1 May 1994 to 28 February 1995 occupied by Stuart and Rebecca as main residence

1 March 1995 to 31 December 1998 unoccupied

1 January 1999 to 31 March 2001 let out (unfurnished)

1 April 2001 to 30 November 2001 occupied by Stuart and Rebecca

1 December 2001 to 30 November 2005 used occasionally as second home

Both Stuart and Rebecca had lived in London from March 1995 onwards. On 1 March 2001 Stuart and Rebecca

bought a house in London in their joint names. On 1 January 2002 they elected for their London house to be their

principal private residence with effect from that date, up until that point the Plymouth property had been their principal

private residence.

No other capital disposals were made by Stuart in the tax year 2005/06. He has ￡29,500 of capital losses brought

forward from previous years.

Stuart intends to invest the gross sale proceeds from the sale of the Plymouth house, and is considering two

investment options, both of which he believes will provide equal risk and returns. These are as follows:

(1) acquiring shares in Omikron plc; or

(2) acquiring further shares in Omega plc.

Notes:

1. Omikron plc is a listed UK trading company, with 50,250,000 shares in issue. Its shares currently trade at 42p

per share.

2. Stuart and Rebecca helped start up the company, which was then Omega Ltd. The company was formed on

1 June 1990, when they each bought 24,000 shares for ￡1 per share. The company became listed on 1 May

1997. On this date their holding was subdivided, with each of them receiving 100 shares in Omega plc for each

share held in Omega Ltd. The issued share capital of Omega plc is currently 10,000,000 shares. The share price

is quoted at 208p – 216p with marked bargains at 207p, 211p, and 215p.

Stuart and Rebecca’s assets (following the sale of the Plymouth house but before any investment of the proceeds) are

as follows:

Assets Stuart Rebecca

￡ ￡

Family house in London 450,000 450,000

Cash from property sale 422,100 –

Cash deposits 165,000 165,000

Portfolio of quoted investments – 250,000

Shares in Omega plc see above see above

Life insurance policy note 1 note 1

Note:

1. The life insurance policy will pay out a sum of ￡200,000 on the death of the first spouse to die.

Stuart has recently been diagnosed with a serious illness. He is expected to live for another two or three years only.

He is concerned about the possible inheritance tax that will arise on his death. Both he and Rebecca have wills whose

terms transfer all assets to the surviving spouse. Rebecca is in good health.

Neither Stuart nor Rebecca has made any previous chargeable lifetime transfers for the purposes of inheritance tax.

Required:

(a) Calculate the taxable capital gain on the sale of the Plymouth house in November 2005 (9 marks)

A.slack

B.loose

C.free

D.easy

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B. from-zone TRUST to-zone UNTRUST { policy DenyServer { match { source-address Server; destination-address any; application any; } then {deny; } } } from-zone UNTRUST to-zone TRUST { policy AllowTelnetin { match { source-address the10net; destination-address Server; application junos-telnet; } then { permit; } } }

C. from-zone UNTRUST to-zone TRUST { policy AllowTelnetin { match { source-address the10net; destination-address Server; application junos-ftp; } then { permit; } } }

D. from-zone TRUST to-zone UNTRUST { policy DenyServer { match { source-address Server; destination-address any; application any; } then { permit; } } } from-zone UNTRUST to-zone TRUST { policy AllowTelnetin { match {source-address the10net; destination-address Server; application junos-telnet; } then { permit; } } }