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更多“Futures prices are ___ for del…”相关的问题
第1题
Arbitrageurs in the futures markets are those people who ______.
A．take on the risks that hedgers want to shed
B．seek to hedge their risks
C．make the futures prices move in accordance with other markets
D．all of the above
第2题
A.They always move together in the same direction and by the same amount.
B.They move in opposite directions by the same amount.
C.They tend to move together, generally in the same direction and by the same amount.
D.They move in the same direction by different amounts.
第3题
A.I or II
B.II or IV
C.I, II or IV
D.I, II, III or IV
第4题
Susan Baker is a new hire at Crinson Bank’s Chicago office. She has joined the risk arbitrage desk where she will be training to take advantage of price discrepancies in the U.S. T-note futures and spot markets.
Her managing director, Gerald Bigelow, has asked her to calculate parameters for potential arbitrage opportunities for the bank given current market conditions. At the time he asked the question, the cheapest-to-deliver T-notes were at par, with a coupon rate of 8.5 percent. When trading futures, the risk arbitrage desk borrows at 12 percent and lends at 4 percent.
Looking at the calendar, Baker calculates that there are 184 days to the first coupon payment and 181 days from the first coupon payment to the second. Any interest accrued will be paid when the T-note is delivered against the futures contract, but Bigelow asks Baker not to concern herself in the calculations with the impact of reinvesting the coupons or with transaction costs.
To get a feel for the market, Baker first prices a 6-month futures contract that has 184 days to expiration in a “simplified scenario.” She decides to use the same interest rate for borrowing and lending, taking the average of the bank’s borrowing and lending rates. Calculating the futures price under these simplified assumptions, Baker tells Bigelow that the futures contract should trade at 99.7059. Bigelow explains that the futures price is below par even though the spot price is at par because of the benefit to a short seller of receiving the T-note coupon payments.
Having calculated the futures price in the “simplified scenario,” Baker modifies it to reflect the bank’s current borrowing and lending rates, and calculates the corresponding no-arbitrage bands. She tells Bigelow that the lower band will be at 97.7468. Bigelow checks her calculations, confirming that the higher band will be at 101.6294.
Once they know the no-arbitrage bands for current market conditions, Baker and Bigelow check the screen. They see that the market price of the futures contract for which they’ve been calculating no-arbitrage bands is 103. Together, they execute Baker’s first arbitrage play.
Part 4)
If the T-notes that Baker priced in the “simplified scenario” were not the cheapest to deliver, and the cheapest-to-deliver note had a conversion factor of 1.07, what would be the no-arbitrage futures price？
A)106.6853.
B)137.6041.
C)93.1831.
D)98.6359.
第5题
Susan Baker is a new hire at Crinson Bank’s Chicago office. She has joined the risk arbitrage desk where she will be training to take advantage of price discrepancies in the U.S. T-note futures and spot markets.
Her managing director, Gerald Bigelow, has asked her to calculate parameters for potential arbitrage opportunities for the bank given current market conditions. At the time he asked the question, the cheapest-to-deliver T-notes were at par, with a coupon rate of 8.5 percent. When trading futures, the risk arbitrage desk borrows at 12 percent and lends at 4 percent.
Looking at the calendar, Baker calculates that there are 184 days to the first coupon payment and 181 days from the first coupon payment to the second. Any interest accrued will be paid when the T-note is delivered against the futures contract, but Bigelow asks Baker not to concern herself in the calculations with the impact of reinvesting the coupons or with transaction costs.
To get a feel for the market, Baker first prices a 6-month futures contract that has 184 days to expiration in a “simplified scenario.” She decides to use the same interest rate for borrowing and lending, taking the average of the bank’s borrowing and lending rates. Calculating the futures price under these simplified assumptions, Baker tells Bigelow that the futures contract should trade at 99.7059. Bigelow explains that the futures price is below par even though the spot price is at par because of the benefit to a short seller of receiving the T-note coupon payments.
Having calculated the futures price in the “simplified scenario,” Baker modifies it to reflect the bank’s current borrowing and lending rates, and calculates the corresponding no-arbitrage bands. She tells Bigelow that the lower band will be at 97.7468. Bigelow checks her calculations, confirming that the higher band will be at 101.6294.
Once they know the no-arbitrage bands for current market conditions, Baker and Bigelow check the screen. They see that the market price of the futures contract for which they’ve been calculating no-arbitrage bands is 103. Together, they execute Baker’s first arbitrage play.
Part 2)
Which of the following most accurately describes the arbitrage strategy that Baker and Bigelow executed？
A)Sell futures contract, use proceeds to buy asset, borrow difference, sell asset, buy back futures, and collect difference between finance charges and interest from asset.
B)Borrow funds, buy spot asset, buy futures, deliver asset against long futures, and repay loan and finance charges.
C)Borrow funds, buy spot asset, sell futures, collect accrued interest on spot asset, deliver asset against short futures, and repay loan with interest.
D)Short spot asset, lend proceeds from short sale, buy futures contract, collect principal and interest on loan, pay interest on short asset, take delivery of asset against futures, and replace short asset.
第6题
Susan Baker is a new hire at Crinson Bank’s Chicago office. She has joined the risk arbitrage desk where she will be training to take advantage of price discrepancies in the U.S. T-note futures and spot markets.
Her managing director, Gerald Bigelow, has asked her to calculate parameters for potential arbitrage opportunities for the bank given current market conditions. At the time he asked the question, the cheapest-to-deliver T-notes were at par, with a coupon rate of 8.5 percent. When trading futures, the risk arbitrage desk borrows at 12 percent and lends at 4 percent.
Looking at the calendar, Baker calculates that there are 184 days to the first coupon payment and 181 days from the first coupon payment to the second. Any interest accrued will be paid when the T-note is delivered against the futures contract, but Bigelow asks Baker not to concern herself in the calculations with the impact of reinvesting the coupons or with transaction costs.
To get a feel for the market, Baker first prices a 6-month futures contract that has 184 days to expiration in a “simplified scenario.” She decides to use the same interest rate for borrowing and lending, taking the average of the bank’s borrowing and lending rates. Calculating the futures price under these simplified assumptions, Baker tells Bigelow that the futures contract should trade at 99.7059. Bigelow explains that the futures price is below par even though the spot price is at par because of the benefit to a short seller of receiving the T-note coupon payments.
Having calculated the futures price in the “simplified scenario,” Baker modifies it to reflect the bank’s current borrowing and lending rates, and calculates the corresponding no-arbitrage bands. She tells Bigelow that the lower band will be at 97.7468. Bigelow checks her calculations, confirming that the higher band will be at 101.6294.
Once they know the no-arbitrage bands for current market conditions, Baker and Bigelow check the screen. They see that the market price of the futures contract for which they’ve been calculating no-arbitrage bands is 103. Together, they execute Baker’s first arbitrage play.
Part 1)
Regarding Baker’s and Bigelow’s statements about the futures price in the simplified scenario:
A)Baker’s statement is correct and Bigelow’s statement is correct.
B)Baker’s statement is incorrect and Bigelow’s statement is correct.
C)Baker’s statement is incorrect and Bigelow’s statement is incorrect.
D)Baker’s statement is correct and Bigelow’s statement is incorrect.
第7题
Susan Baker is a new hire at Crinson Bank’s Chicago office. She has joined the risk arbitrage desk where she will be training to take advantage of price discrepancies in the U.S. T-note futures and spot markets.
Her managing director, Gerald Bigelow, has asked her to calculate parameters for potential arbitrage opportunities for the bank given current market conditions. At the time he asked the question, the cheapest-to-deliver T-notes were at par, with a coupon rate of 8.5 percent. When trading futures, the risk arbitrage desk borrows at 12 percent and lends at 4 percent.
Looking at the calendar, Baker calculates that there are 184 days to the first coupon payment and 181 days from the first coupon payment to the second. Any interest accrued will be paid when the T-note is delivered against the futures contract, but Bigelow asks Baker not to concern herself in the calculations with the impact of reinvesting the coupons or with transaction costs.
To get a feel for the market, Baker first prices a 6-month futures contract that has 184 days to expiration in a “simplified scenario.” She decides to use the same interest rate for borrowing and lending, taking the average of the bank’s borrowing and lending rates. Calculating the futures price under these simplified assumptions, Baker tells Bigelow that the futures contract should trade at 99.7059. Bigelow explains that the futures price is below par even though the spot price is at par because of the benefit to a short seller of receiving the T-note coupon payments.
Having calculated the futures price in the “simplified scenario,” Baker modifies it to reflect the bank’s current borrowing and lending rates, and calculates the corresponding no-arbitrage bands. She tells Bigelow that the lower band will be at 97.7468. Bigelow checks her calculations, confirming that the higher band will be at 101.6294.
Once they know the no-arbitrage bands for current market conditions, Baker and Bigelow check the screen. They see that the market price of the futures contract for which they’ve been calculating no-arbitrage bands is 103. Together, they execute Baker’s first arbitrage play.
Part 6)
If the bank enters an arbitrage play involving the cheapest-to-deliver Treasury bond, which of the following statements is INCORRECT？
A)The short position decides which bond to deliver.
B)The arbitrage play is no longer risk-free if the bank has a long position in the cheapest-to-deliver bond.
C)The long position has the advantage in the arbitrage play.
D)The cheapest-to-deliver bond may change during the life of the contract.
第8题
Susan Baker is a new hire at Crinson Bank’s Chicago office. She has joined the risk arbitrage desk where she will be training to take advantage of price discrepancies in the U.S. T-note futures and spot markets.
Her managing director, Gerald Bigelow, has asked her to calculate parameters for potential arbitrage opportunities for the bank given current market conditions. At the time he asked the question, the cheapest-to-deliver T-notes were at par, with a coupon rate of 8.5 percent. When trading futures, the risk arbitrage desk borrows at 12 percent and lends at 4 percent.
Looking at the calendar, Baker calculates that there are 184 days to the first coupon payment and 181 days from the first coupon payment to the second. Any interest accrued will be paid when the T-note is delivered against the futures contract, but Bigelow asks Baker not to concern herself in the calculations with the impact of reinvesting the coupons or with transaction costs.
To get a feel for the market, Baker first prices a 6-month futures contract that has 184 days to expiration in a “simplified scenario.” She decides to use the same interest rate for borrowing and lending, taking the average of the bank’s borrowing and lending rates. Calculating the futures price under these simplified assumptions, Baker tells Bigelow that the futures contract should trade at 99.7059. Bigelow explains that the futures price is below par even though the spot price is at par because of the benefit to a short seller of receiving the T-note coupon payments.
Having calculated the futures price in the “simplified scenario,” Baker modifies it to reflect the bank’s current borrowing and lending rates, and calculates the corresponding no-arbitrage bands. She tells Bigelow that the lower band will be at 97.7468. Bigelow checks her calculations, confirming that the higher band will be at 101.6294.
Once they know the no-arbitrage bands for current market conditions, Baker and Bigelow check the screen. They see that the market price of the futures contract for which they’ve been calculating no-arbitrage bands is 103. Together, they execute Baker’s first arbitrage play.
Part 5)
How much does Baker expect to earn in profits on her first arbitrage play (in dollars per contract, ignoring transaction costs and any reinvestment of coupon payments)？
A)$523,000.
B)$1,371.
C)$40,003.
D)$370.
第9题
Susan Baker is a new hire at Crinson Bank’s Chicago office. She has joined the risk arbitrage desk where she will be training to take advantage of price discrepancies in the U.S. T-note futures and spot markets.
Her managing director, Gerald Bigelow, has asked her to calculate parameters for potential arbitrage opportunities for the bank given current market conditions. At the time he asked the question, the cheapest-to-deliver T-notes were at par, with a coupon rate of 8.5 percent. When trading futures, the risk arbitrage desk borrows at 12 percent and lends at 4 percent.
Looking at the calendar, Baker calculates that there are 184 days to the first coupon payment and 181 days from the first coupon payment to the second. Any interest accrued will be paid when the T-note is delivered against the futures contract, but Bigelow asks Baker not to concern herself in the calculations with the impact of reinvesting the coupons or with transaction costs.
To get a feel for the market, Baker first prices a 6-month futures contract that has 184 days to expiration in a “simplified scenario.” She decides to use the same interest rate for borrowing and lending, taking the average of the bank’s borrowing and lending rates. Calculating the futures price under these simplified assumptions, Baker tells Bigelow that the futures contract should trade at 99.7059. Bigelow explains that the futures price is below par even though the spot price is at par because of the benefit to a short seller of receiving the T-note coupon payments.
Having calculated the futures price in the “simplified scenario,” Baker modifies it to reflect the bank’s current borrowing and lending rates, and calculates the corresponding no-arbitrage bands. She tells Bigelow that the lower band will be at 97.7468. Bigelow checks her calculations, confirming that the higher band will be at 101.6294.
Once they know the no-arbitrage bands for current market conditions, Baker and Bigelow check the screen. They see that the market price of the futures contract for which they’ve been calculating no-arbitrage bands is 103. Together, they execute Baker’s first arbitrage play.
Part 3)
Regarding Baker’s and Bigelow’s statements about the no-arbitrage bands, which is CORRECT？
A)Baker’s statement is correct and Bigelow’s statement is incorrect.
B)Baker’s statement is incorrect and Bigelow’s statement is incorrect.
C)Baker’s statement is correct and Bigelow’s statement is correct.
D)Baker’s statement is incorrect and Bigelow’s statement is correct.
第10题
A futures market is basically an organized forum for the trading of futures contracts under highly standardized terms. The basic elements that form this market are discussed below :
Future Exchange[1]
Future exchanges have existed in many countries since the mid-nineteenth century. Today, many futures exchanges all over the world are active in trading futures contracts on vanous commodities and financial instruments, such as stock index futures, agricultural commodities futures, metal futures, energy futures. A futures exchange is usually a membership organization whose purpose is to facilitate the trading of futures contracts. It provides the physical facilities and organizational framework make possible the execution and processing of futures transactions.
Every futures exchange may have its own unique structure. But usually, there is a board of directors , elected by exchange members. The rules, regulations and policies set by the board are implemented by an executive committee, control committee, and new products committee, etc.
Each exchange has a fixed number of memberships. Once all the authorized memberships have been sold, prospective new members must purchase a membership from a current member. Only exchange members must enjoy the privileges: access to the trading area and reduce transaction costs. Non-membership must trade by entering orders through members.
The general responsibilities of a futures exchange include providing:
·An adequate physical location for the trading areas in which members execute transactions ;
·Communications capabilities between the exchange floor and the outside world;
·Procedures that ensure the swift and accurate processing of transactions that take place on the trading floor;
·Effective margining and clearing systems to requirements guarantee the financial integrity of the exchange's contracts ;
·Rules and regulations that meet the requirements of regulatory authorities and that ensure the fair treatment of all market participants;
·Viable futures contracts.
Broker
Broker is an agent as a person or a firm that deals with the futures buying and selling in the futures market for and on the behalf of the customers. The broker must be the member of the futures exchange, if not, he cannot enter the floor for such dealings. The non-membership enterprises or persons that have such dealing desires and needs cannot enter the floor for the transaction either, except that they authorize the qualified broker to enter into a futures contract for them. The broker's remuneration consists of a brokerage, usually calculated as a percentage of the sum involved in the contract but sometimes fixed by a tariff. Brokers are used because they have specialized knowledge of certain markets.
The Clearing House[2]
Clearing house is a centralized system for settling indebtedness between members. Every futures exchange has a clearing house, in which sales and purchases are registered with the clearing house for settlement at the end of the accounting period. The structure of a clearing house varies from exchange to exchange. A clearing house may be a distinct entity with its own staffs and boards that do not overlap with its related exchange. For instance, the London International Financial Futures and Options uses the London Clearing House. Some clearing houses are part of the exchanges. For example, the clearing entity is a department within Chicago Mercantile Exchange and New York Mercantile Exchange.
Membership in a clearing house is available only to members of the related exchange and only to those who can meet strict financial requirements. These stringent financial requirements are necessary because it is the collective strength of the clearing house members that ultimately guarantees the financial integrity of all the trades carried out on the affiliated exchange. A member of exchange may transact business on the floor of that exchange for himself and for others. However, if the exchange member is not a member of the clearing house, all transactions must be cleared through a clearing member by paying certain fee. That is to say, the non-clearing member maintains an account with the clearing member and all trades of non-clearing member are held in that account. The clearing member should be responsible for the performance of these trades. The clearing house interposes itself between the buyer and the seller: the buyer has a contract with the clearing house and not directly with the seller, and the seller now has a contract with the clearing house and not with the buyer. The clearing house is not only the buyer of all the contracts, but also the seller of all the contracts. In consequence, futures traders do not need to worry about the credit risk of the other party with whom they are dealing. This greatly simplifies the administration of futures contracts, as every contract is with the clearing house. It also has the major benefit of standardizing and reducing the default risk of a futures contract.
The function of the clearing house is realized only by the guarantee of the margin system. Futures margin is a faith deposit regulated by the clearing house. It is intended to protect the seller against the buyer's default if prices fall and the buyer against the seller's default if prices rise.
Two kinds of margin are commonly used by clearing houses:
·Original Margin or Initial Margin.[3] Original margin is the deposit that must be made when a futures position is initiated. It generally ranged from about 2o-/o to lOu/o of the value of the futures contract.
·Variation Margin or Call Margin.[4] To minimize the losses from any default, changes in the price of futures contracts are settled on a daily basis. This is called marking to the market. Each day, at the close of trading, the change in price of a futures contract during that day is calculated. If the price changes should be adverse to the trader's position, then his original margin will be reduced. A1l exchanges require that once a trader's original margin is reduced to a certain level, known as the maintenance margin, additional funds must be paid to the clearing house to keep his original margin at the normal level. This payment is called variation margin.
Participants
According to their location, participants can be divided into those who trade on the floor of the exchange and those who do not. Floor traders can be f'urther divided into those who trade on their own account and those who trade on behalf of others. In the United States, brokers are also called futures commission merchants or FCMs. Some brokers may also trade for their own accounts. According to their motive for futures trading, participants may be split into two kinds: those who use futures market to reduce his exposure to price changes and those who attempts to profit by correctly anticipating price movements and trading accordingly.
[1]期货交易所
[2]清算所
[3]初始保证金
[4]追加保证金
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