A.Because girls grow up playing with dolls like Buzz-off
B.Because boys grow up playing with toys like Barbie
C.Because of many complex psychological and societal factors
D.Because of their sex
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更多“Why do men and women view thei…”相关的问题
第1题
第2题
Why do men carry on the sex war against women？
[A] Because of their inferiority.
[B] Because they shun real competition.
[C] Because of their claim to supremacy.
[D] Because they still look down upon women.
第3题
Reading Comprehension
Directions:There are two passages iⅡthis part． Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should decide on the best choice．
Questions 56- 60 are based on Passage One:
Passage One
The law says that women should have the chance of doing the same jobs as men and earn the same as them．
The reality is very different．Women lose because, 25 years after the Equal Pay Act,many of them still get paid less than men．
They lose because they do lower-paid jobs which men just won't consider．And they lose because they are the ones who interrupt a career to have children．
All this is reported in an independent study ordered by the Government's Women's Unite．
The biggest problem isn't equal pay in workplaces such as factories．It is a sort of work women do．Make a list of the low-paid jobs, then consider who do them．
Try nurses, secretaries, cleaners, clerks, teachers in primary schools, dinner ladies,and child care helpers． Not a lot of men among that group, are there？
Yet some of those jobs are really important．Surely no one would deny that about nurses and teachers, for a start．
So why do we reward the people who do them so poorly？ There can be only one answer—because they are women．
This is not going to be put right overnight． But the Government which employs a lot of them, and other bosses have to make a start．
It is disgraceful(可耻的) that we have gone into the 21st century but still treat women as second-class citizens．
Women should have the chance of doing the same jobs and be paid equally as Men()．
A． after 25 years
B． according to the law
C． as a result of the Equal Pay Act
D． because women are as strong as men
第4题
Why do women earn less than men do？ Are the differences explained by the fact that women are looked down upon？ If so, the government has to intervene (干预), to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap. One view argues that women on the average have chosen low-paid jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.
Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some prejudice (偏见) against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women？ One possibility is that in comes for women as a group might actually decline (下降). An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines The result will be a surplus (过剩) of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work.
The difference in labor incomes is most obvious between ______.
A．young men and young women
B．young women in the same industry
C．middle-aged men and middle-aged women
D．middle-aged women in the same industry
第5题
Do women tend to devalue(贬低) the worth of their work？ Do they apply different standards to rewarding their own work more critically than they do to rewarding the work of others？ These were the questions asked by Michigan State University psychologists Lawrence Messe and Charlene Callahan-Levy. Past experiments had shown that when women were asked to decide how much to pay themselves and other people for the same job, they paid themselves less. Following up on this finding, Messe and Callahan-Levy designed experiments to test several popular explanations of why women tend to get less in pay situations.
One theory the psychologists tested was that women judge their own work more harshly than that of others. The subjects for the experiment testing this theory were men and women from the Michigan State undergraduate student body. The job the subjects were asked to perform. for pay was an opinion questionnaire(调查表) requiring a number of short essays on campus-related issues. After completing the questionnaire, some subjects were given six dollars in bills and change and were asked to decide payment for themselves. Others were given the same amount and were asked to decide payment for another subject who had also completed the questionnaire.
The psychologists found that, as in earlier experiments, the women paid themselves less than the men paid themselves. They also found that the women paid themselves less than they paid other women and less than the men paid the women. The differences were substantial. The average paid to women by themselves was $ 2.97. The average paid to men by themselves was $ 4.06. The average paid to women by others was $ 4.37. In spite of the differences, the psychologists found that the men and the women in the experiment evaluated their own performances on the questionnaire about equally and better than the expected performances of others.
On the basis of these findings, Messe and Callahan-Levy concluded that women's attachment of a comparatively low monetary value to their work cannot be based entirely on their judgment of their own ability.
The experiment designed in the passage would be most relevant to the formulation(陈述，表述) of a theory concerning the ______.
A．generally lower salaries received by women workers in comparison to men
B．reluctance of some women to enter professions that are traditionally dominated by men
C．anxiety expressed by some women workers in dealing with male supervisors
D．prejudices often suffered by women in attempting to enter the workforce
第6题
Passage Four
Women earn less than men do. For example, in 1998 the hourly wages of women in the U. S. were 26% less than those of men.
The gap between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men
varies. It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers who are women in ran
industry, the lower the average wages.
Why do women earn less than men do？ Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are looked
down upon？ If so, the government has to intervene(干预), to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of
the gap. One view argues that women, on the average, have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative
to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.
Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some prejudice (偏见) against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to
increase the wages paid to women？ One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline (下降). An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new
workers declines. The result will be a surplus 过剩) of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs
might find themselves out of work.
48. Some economists believe women earn less than men partly because______.
A. there are more than enough women in the labor force
B. women have more freedom in selecting jobs
C. women are only provided with low-paid jobs
D. women are less experienced than men
第7题
Its time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted？ Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling very tired or exhausted, according to a recent study.
This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often Yes, I can.
Women struggle to say no in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, theres a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problemeven if that means doing the boring work themselves.
This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wiselyincluding staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.
51. What does the author say is the problem with women？
A、They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.
B、They are usually more committed at home than on the job.
C、They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.
D、They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy？
A、They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
B、They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.
C、They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.
D、They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.
53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women？
A、Their unwillingness to say no.
B、Their desire to be considered powerful.
C、An underestimate of their own ability.
D、A lack of courage to face challenges.
54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.
A、women tend to be easily satisfied
B、men are generally more persuasive
C、men tend to put their personal interests first
D、women are much more ready to compromise
55. What is important to a good leader？
A、A dominant personality.
C、The courage to admit failure
B、The ability to delegate.
D、A strong sense of responsibility.
第8题
How's this for unintended consequences？ Some of the biggest beneficiaries(受惠者) of the women's movement have been married men. According to a new study by the Pew Research Center, married men have a 60% higher average household income than they did in 1970, even adjusted for inflation. Unmarried men, on the other hand, only got a 16% bump.
One reason for the rise is that more men are marrying women who make more money than they do, mainly because there are more high-income women to go around. In 1970, just 4% of men ages 30 to 44 had wives who brought in more money than they did. By 2007, more than a fifth of men in that age range had wives who out-earned them. Members of this thriving demographic(人口统计学的) are effectively doubling their income or more when they wed, without doubling their costs.
Aside from the increase in white-collar women, the other trend behind the Pew numbers is that marriage rates have declined most sharply among the least educated men and women, which helps explain why the average household income figures for married men have pulled even further ahead of those for their single counterparts. More of the least rich are unmarried than before.
The study, which drew on household income data from the Decennial Census and the 2007 American Community Survey, showed that the biggest gainers were married college-educated men. The biggest losers were unmarried men who did not complete high school or who only had a high school diploma. After adjusting for inflation, the 2007 unmarried low-income men and women had lower household incomes than their 1970 counterparts. "The steeper decline in marriage among the less educated has contributed to a steeper decline in their income," says one of the study's authors, D'Vera Cohn.
The trend has a dark side, says Dalton Conley, social sciences dean at New York University. "High-income women marrying high-income men is one of the drivers of inequality," he says. "It affects the distribution of income between families." He notes that among college-educated high-income couples, the divorce rate is getting lower, while unmarried low-income men and women tend to partner up and then uncouple more rapidly. "This leads to family instability and a cycle of disadvantage," says Conley.
What do we know about the unmarried men, according to the last sentence of the first paragraph？
A．They got a 16% increase in household income.
B．They got a 16% decrease in household income.
C．Only 16% of them were in financial difficulty.
D．Only 16% of them earned more than in 1970.
第9题
Men Are Carrying on a Sex-fight
This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think of if you could heat what the average man thinks of the average woman/ Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you’d think that women belonged to a different species!
On the surface, the comments made by men about women’s abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let’s consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.
Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can’t don Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called ‘rights’. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven’t even been given the cote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly!
The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries. Some things are too important to be left to men!
1. What does the first sentence imply？
[A] It is not really an enlightened age.
[B] It is different from an enlightened age.
[C] It is the same as an enlightened age.
[D] It is like an enlightened age.
2. Why do men carry on the sex war against women？
[A] Because of their inferiority.
[B] Because they shun real competition.
[C] Because of their claim to supremacy.
[D] Because they still look down upon women.
3. The “fiction” is closest in meaning to
[A] Novel.
[B] Man-made idea.
[C] False idea.
[D] Story.
4. What is the main argument men have raised against women？
[A] Women are lack of cold reasoning.
[B] They depend on intuition too much.
[C] They are unreliable and irrational.
[C] They are too still look down upon women.
第10题
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