None of his arguments seemed to me to _______.

taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even

questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute

force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to

citiesand by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides,who would in

other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of

violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What isreally

frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it

comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars

and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The

whole of the recorded history of the humanrace, that tedious documentation of

violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that

violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the

bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the

morning after when wedismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit

us.

The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it

harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even

persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous

things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were

put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and

ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment

for all,we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is

sapped by having to mopup the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a

well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a

stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive

solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting

solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the

law.

Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the

races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn

about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information.

"Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violencesay, "all you ever do is talk, and

we are none the wiser." It's rather like the story of the famous barrister who

painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy

argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.

"Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far

better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the

knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

What is the best title for this passage?

The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmith's teachers ().

Instead of advancing the public discussion of biotechnology, David Shenk succeeds merely in displaying his general ignorance and unfounded fears in his recent article “Biocapitalism”. His claim that “no living creature has ever before been able to upgrade its own operating system” ignores transduction(the act or process of transferring genetic material or characteristics from one bacterial cell to another) and bacterial conjugation(the temporary union of two bacterial cells), which are ways organisms have “upgraded” their own genomes with novel DNA for hundreds of millions of years. A first-year biology major could have told him that. For Shenk to suggest that his daughter may someday use a before-birth genetic test for “quick-wittedness” is extremely dull-witted, ignoring the complexity of polygenetic traits while embracing a shallow genetic determinism. Nurture-utterly absent from his discussion-really does matter．

 Finally, worrying about the effects on the gene pool of a “culture in which millions choose the same desirable genes” is worse than pointless. The United Nations projects an approximate human population of eight billion by the year 2020．Even if Shenk's worst fears are realized, and the wealthy parents of 100 million children can and do select for a polygenetic trait-say, blue eyes-this would represent only a modest shift in the gene pool of 1 in 80, or 1．25 percent, assuming that none of those children would otherwise have been born with blue eyes. But what truly matters for the gene pool in the 1,000-yearlong run is the capacity of this trait to grant reproductive success in subsequent generations. Whatever advantage blue eyes currently grant in acquiring a mate presumably derives in part from the trait's relative scarcity. Elementary economics shows that if you flood the market with an asset, you diminish the relative value of that asset: more blue eyes will make blue eyes less sexy. Is it really too much to expect familiarity with either biology or economics from an essay entitled “Biocapitalism”?

 86．The purpose of David Shenk's writing is most probably to______．

 A．draw the public's attention to “Biocapitalism”

 B．cover his general ignorance about “Biocapitalism”

 C．show his approval of the advancement in biotechnology 

 D．report his success in biotechnological research 

 87．According to the author, David Shenk's claim about the upgrading of living creatures______．

 A．is obviously a fault 

 B．is comprehensible to college students 

 C．is identical to his own argument 

 D．will be testified by his daughter 

 88．What does David Shenk worry about?

 A．The capacity of the gene pool．

 B．The nurture of subsequent generations．

 C．The dramatic increase of world population．

 D．The consequences of excessive genetic shifts．

 89．Talking about the preference for blue eyes, the author argues that______．

 A．blue eyes are purely inherited 

 B．few people will have blue eyes 

 C．blue eyes will be less sexy 

 D．people with blue eyes are usually wealthy 

 90．The tone of this passage is mainly______．

 A．humorous              

 B．of a matter-of-fact 

 C．bitter and ruthless          

 D．emotional