In the early decades of the United States. the agrarian movement promoted the farmer as s

第1题

It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in Iraq is a crucial test

of high-speed Web. For decades, Americans have anxiously (1)_____ each war through a new communications (2)_____, from the early silent film of World War I to the 24-hour cable news (3)_____ of the first Persian Gulf War.

Now, (4)_____ bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime (5)_____ for online news has become a central test of the (6)_____ of high-speed Internet connections. It is also a good (7)_____ both to attract users to online media (8)_____ and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there, (9)_____ the value of the Cable News Network persuaded millions to (10)_____ to cable during the last war in Iraq.

(11)_____ by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with high-speed Internet (12)_____, now at more than 70 million in the United States, the Web sites of many of the major news organizations have (13)_____ assembled a novel collage(拼贴) of (14)_____ video, audio reports, photography collections, animated weaponry (15)_____, interactive maps and other new digital reportage.

These Internet services are (16)_____ on the remarkable abundance of sounds and images (17)_____ from video cameras (18)_____ on Baghdad and journalists traveling with troops. And they have found a (19)_____ audience of American office workers (20)_____ their computers during the early combat.

A．notified

B．publicized

C．followed

D．pursued

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第2题

In the early decades of the United States. the agrarian movement promoted the farmer as s

In the early decades of the United States. the agrarian movement promoted the farmer

as society's hero. In the minds of agrarian thinkers and writers. the farmer was a person on whose

well-being the health of the new country depended. The period between the

Revolution, which ended in 1783,and the Civil War. which ended in 1865.was the age of

(5) the farmer in the United States. Agrarian philosophers. represented most eloquently by

Thomas Jefferson, celebrated farmers extravagantly for their supposed centrality in a good

society, their political virtue. and their Superior morality. And visually all policy makers, whether

they subscribed to the tenets of the philosophy held by Jefferson or not, recognized agriculture as

the key component of the American economy. Consequently, government at

(10)all levels worked to encourage farmers as a social group and agriculture as economic

enterprise.

Both the national and state governments developed transportation infrastructure, building

canals, roads, bridges, and railroads, deepening harbors, and removing obstructions from navigable

streams. The national government imported plant and animal varieties and

(15)launched exploring expeditions into prospective farmlands in the West. In addition,

government trade policies facilitated the exporting of agricultural products.

For their part. farmers seemed to meet the social expectations agrarian philosophers

had for them. as their broader horizons and greater self-respect, both products of the

Revolution were reflected to some degree in their behavior. Farmers seemed to become

(20)more scientific.joining agricultural societies and reading the farm newspapers that sprang

up throughout the country. They began using improved implements, tried new crops and

pure animal breeds, and became more receptive to modern theories of soil improvement.

They also responded to inducements by national and state governments. Farmers

streamed to the West. filling frontier lands with stunning rapidity. But farmers responded

(25)less to the expectations of agrarians and government inducements than to growing market

opportunities. European demand for food from the United States seemed insatiable. War,

industrialization, and urbanization all kept demand high in Europe. United States cities

and industries grew as well; even industries not directly related to farming thrived because

of the market, money. and labor that agriculture provided.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．The agrarian philosophy of Thomas Jefferson

B．The role of the national government in the development of agriculture

C．Improvements in farming techniques

D．The impact of the increased importance of the farmer

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第3题

Text 2 Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us

Text 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure？ That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain？ That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？ Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.

There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”

Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.

Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.

To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

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第4题

During McDonald's early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burban

k potatoes were【C1】______, cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens.【C2】______the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to【C3】______labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and【C4】______that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald's began【C5】______to frozen French fries in 1966—and few customers noticed the difference.【C6】______, the change had a profound effect【C7】______the nation's agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial【C8】______McDonald's fries now come from huge manufacturing plants【C9】______can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion【C10】______McDonald's and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.

The【C11】______of McDonald's French fries played a【C12】______role in the chain's success—fries are much more profitable than hamburgers—and was【C13】______praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their【C14】______taste does not stem【C15】______the kind of potatoes that McDonald's【C16】______, the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the【C17】______large processing companies, and have similar【C18】______in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is【C19】______determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald's cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique【C20】______.

【C1】

A．scaled

B．stripped

C．peeled

D．sliced

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第5题

In the next few decades, people are going to travel very differently from the way they do today。Everyone is going to drive electrically-powered cars, so in the few years, people won't worry about running out of gasSome of the large automobile companies are really moving ahead with this new technology。F&C Motors, a major auto company, for example, is holding a press conference next week.

After the press conference, the company will present its new electronically-operated models.Transportation in the future won't be limited to the ground.Many people predict that traffic will quickly move to the sky.In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky.But the sky isn't the limit. In the future, you will probably even be able to take a trip to the moon.

Instead of listening to regular airplane announcements, you will hear someone say: the spacecraft to the moon leaves in ten minutes.Please check your equipment.And remember no more than ten ounces of carry-on baggage are allowed.

1.What is the main idea of thepassage? ()

A.Transport in the future

B.Travel to the moon

C.Electrically powered acrs

D.Aiplanes in the future

2.()will be used to power care in the next few decades.

A.Solar energy

B.Electricity

C.Alcohol

D.Fuel

3.Future news reports will focus on ()when talking about transportation. A.road conditions

B.new traffic rules

C.air traffic conditions

D.traffic jams on highways

4.What is the special requirement for passengers traveling to moon().

A.Arrive early for boarding

B .take little luggage with them

C.Go through a health check

D.Undergo security checks

5.Which of the foollowing is NOT TRUE according to the passage?()

A.You will probably take a trip to the moon in the future.

B.F&C Motors,a major auto company,has presented a new car tha saves electricity

C.It is predicted that traffic will quickly move to the sky

D.People are going to traverl in different ways in the future.

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第6题

Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer, prevention, screening and trea

tment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other type of cancer. A major cause of the disease is (51) known; there is no good evidence that screening is of much help; and treatment fails in about 90 per cent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be (52) . This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types Of cancer, research (53) the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some important progress in prevention, screening or treatment. (54) , however, we consider not what research may one day offer but what today's knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practicable and cost-effective opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved (55) , but prevention.

This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can (56) tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by (57) the type of education that already appears to have had a (58) effect on cigarette consumption by white-collar workers, and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar delivered per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, (59) the US, where, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25～30 per cent of all cancer deaths now involve lung cancer, but also in those where it has become (60) only recently. In China, for example, lung cancer (61) accounts for only about 510 per cent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century (62) the rise in smoking to increase the incidence of lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increases in lung cancer during the 1990s or early in the next century, (63) prompt effective action is taken against the habit--indeed., such increases are already plainly evident in parts of (64) .

There are four reasons why the prevention of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: first, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other type of cancer now does; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and, finally, (65) tobacco consumption will also have a substantial impact on many other diseases.

51. A. hardly

B. never

C. less

D. reliably

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第7题

The （） liberation movement has become an important social movement （） much of the world

today.In the past few decades, it （） one of the most important social movements in the United States.Women have been fighting （） equal rights in the U.S.since （）.But it was really in the 1960s and 70s （） women began to gain equal rights and treatment in （） of politics, education, employment and the home.

As for the field of politics, today’s politicians are well （） that women have become a powerful （） in the country.One of the reasons （） this is （） there are about 70 million women of voting age.Voting age in the United States, （） some of you may already know, is eighteen.There are, in fact, 7 million more women of voting age than （） men of voting age in the U.S.Today, not only（） more women voting these days and （） the political structure of the country, （） more of them are becoming better educated.Today’s young American woman is more （） to be a college student than（） mother was.

Today, in the United States, there are at least 5 million women college graduates.（）, this is 2.3 million （） the number of American men with college degrees.But the number is growing each year.

1.A.womansB.womans’C.womens’D.women’s

2.A.throughoutB.throughC.in all over D.all over

3.A.becomesB.becameC.has become D.had become

4.A.againstB.with C.for D.toward

5.A.early the 1900sB.the early 1900s’C.early in 1900 D.early 1900s

6.A.when B.thatC.in whichD.in that

7.A.fieldsB.the fields C.some fieldsD.the research

8.A.aware B.aware ofC.aware about D.awared

9.A.populationB.forceC.party D.group

10.A.toB.inC.forD.beneath

11.A.becauseB.owing to C.where D.that

12.A.if B.as C.even D.just like

13.A.are thereB.there were C.there areD.there is

14.A.are there B.there are C.is there D.were there

15.A.influence B.influencing C.to influence D.influence

16.A.also but B.but too C.but D.also

17.A.likeB.alikeC.likely D.liked

18.A.hisB.theirC.her D.one’s

19.A.Be sure B.To be sure C.Being sure D.It is sure

20.A.fewer than B.less than C.much fewer thanD.much less than

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第8题

The American victory in the Revolutionary War united 13 of the English－speaking settlements into the largest and most powerful political unit in the territory , even

The American victory in the Revolutionary War united 13 of the English-speaking settlements into the largest and most powerful political unit in the territory , even though those first 13 states hugging the eastern coast seem small compared with the country' s eventual size. As a result of the Revolution ,approximately 71 , 500 people out of a population of some 2. 5 million fled the new United States. Some were Loyalists - political or economic refugees whose loyalties to Great Britain remained strong; others were blacks seeking refuge from slavery. Immigration and the commercial slave trade after the war quickly restored the population to its former level. The Revolution also opened up the area west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement , as fur traders and farmers were no longer confined by British settlement restrictions. Pioneering citizens , immigrants , and slaves moved west , displacing Native Americans who had hoped to preserve their cultures undisturbed by the expanding United States.

The 17th and 18th centuries saw a growing importation of Africans into North America. After 1808 U. S. law forbade the importation of slaves from abroad , although some smuggling of slaves continued. Few people from Africa chose to come to the United States voluntarily (the free African population was small) because they were considered second-class citizens , and confined largely to the northern states. Large numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States in the early national period , drawn by the promise of freedom , cheap land in the West , and jobs in the first factories of the emerging industrial age. The influx of Europeans , the end of the slave trade , and the ongoing wars removing Native Americans meant that some of the racial diversity of the population was diminishing. By the early decades of the 19th century , a greater proportion of Americans were of western European and Protestant heritage than at the time of the Revolution.

Over the course of the 19th century , the United States gradually absorbed the French colonists in the upper Midwest and in New Orleans , Louisiana; the Spanish and Russian colonists in the South , West ,and Northwest; and the territories of the Hawaiian people and other indigenous groups. Sometimes these territories were added by diplomacy , sometimes by brute force. European visitors were surprised at the diversity in nationalities and in religious and secular beliefs in early America , as well as the number of intermarriages between people of differing European heritages. There were also cross-racial births , sometimes voluntary and sometimes by force , but rarely within legal marriages. The population continued to grow through migration as well , driven in part by English , Irish , and German settlers who came in large numbers around 1848 to escape political repression and food shortages in Europe.

31. The American independence made all of the following leave the new country EXCEPT ()

A. those who were hostile to the old colonialists

B. pro-British colonialists loyal to the old political system

C. those attempting to free themselves from slavery

D. those who fled on account of economic problems caused by birth of the new nation

32. It can be inferred from the passage that ()

A. slavery was soon abolished after the victory of the American Revolution

B. people didn't enjoy freedom of settlement in the West before the Revolutionary War

C. native Americans moved abroad in large numbers during the War

D. the western expansion destroyed the environmental conditions in those areas

33. Which of the following stopped the influx of Africans into the United States in the first decade of the 19th century？ ()

A. Large numbers of European immigrants.

B. Some smuggling slaves.

C. Legislation by the government.

D. Second-class citizens.

34. By (), the United States succeeded in obtaining vast land from other colonies during the 19th century.

A. military action and re-settlement

B. negotiations and re-settlement

C. military action and negotiations

D. negotiations and industrialization

35. Implied , but not directly stated , is the fact that () in early America.

A. there appeared to be many diverse nationalities

B. numerous different religions existed

c. marriages between European descendants were commonplace

D. marriages between different races were not encouraged or accepted

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第9题

People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that un

precedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820 after several decades of relative stability the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.

Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its make up also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility — downward as well as upward — touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities — the Northeast and in the restless rural counties of the West — changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society," and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded.

Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles of men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．The economic development of the United States in the eighteenth century.

B．Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United States.

C．Population growth in the western United States.

D．The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the United States.

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第10题

Reading Comprehension In a few decades, artificial intelligence （）

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第11题

The past two decades have witnessed great changes in information technology（翻译)

The past two decades have witnessed great changes in information technology(翻译)

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