American women were ______ the right of voting until 1920 after many years of hard struggle（）

Before 1920s, the American women were ______ the right to vote in a large extent.

A、deprived of

B、depriving of

C、persuade of

D、persuading of

(1) A typical American woman is _____.

A、single or married

B、divorced

C、ure about herself and her role

D、all of the above

(2) Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the second paragraph？

A、Two contrasting views of a problem are presented

B、An uation is explained and then reasons are given

C、A problem is examined and possible answers are given

D、Historical view is explained in comparison with the present

(3) During the industrialized twentieth century, the role of women _____

A、was strengthened

B、was as important as early

C、was on the decline

D、was more reinforced than early days

(4) Women took part in men’s jobs during the time of _____.

A、the Second World War

B、the West movement

C、the early immigration

D、the industrialized twentieth country

(5) What is the main idea of this passage？

A、Different life styles led by the American women

B、American women were free to step into nontraditional roles

C、American women worked hard to establish their roles in American history

D、American women were independent because they did not have to follow the regulations at all

A、refused

B、denied

C、neglected

D、ignored

The Seneca Falls conference on women's right was

A．the culminating achievement of the utopian socialist movement.

B．the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad.

C．a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism.

D．primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feminist thought.

Text 4

As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants in to American society.

The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, Unions, churches, and other agencies.

Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.

Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women. American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early twentieth-century, United States. However, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.

36. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was ______.

A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities

B) an increase in the number of trained teachers

C) the expanding economic problems of schools

D) the increased urbanization of the entire country

They have very little time to spend preparing elaborate(精致的，复杂的)everyday meals to be eaten at leisure. In many homes it is rare for the whole family to sit down at supper together. Clubs and committees force them to grab a quick meal rather than a sit-down supper.

When they do have the chance to eat at home，often the working housewife prefers to prepare meals that can be quickly heated and consumed. It is no wonder，therefore，that America has become a shelter for fast food consumption.

This great transformation occurred after World War Ⅱ when many women began to work full time and spend less time at home with their families. Women，however，wanted to function well in the capacity of homemaker，as well as that of career woman but time became a precious commodity(商品)which had to be carefully used.

Therefore，it was necessary to make her life easier at home in the preparation of the family dinner. Simultaneously with women entering the job market there was also a shifting of the focus of home entertainment from the radio to the television. Television became the latest fashion in the 1950s and no one wanted to miss his or her favorite programs. And then. the place for supper shifted from the dining room to the living room.

As the customs changed，so did the culture. The immediate solution for this was the invention of the TV dinner. These were frozen meals which were divided into portions of meat and vegetables. They could easily be put into an oven(锅)and prepared within minutes. The tin trays(托盘)in which they were served were conveniently carried into the living room and dinner Was consumed in front of a TV set. Cleaning up afterwards Was no problem. The fin trays were easily thrown into the garbage. From fast dinners at home the next step was quick eating while on the road. Love for TV was combined with the fascination for the automobile. It is not odd that with the development of the superhighways America saw the beginning of fast food chains. McDonald's paved the way with its variety of burgers and cold drinks soon to be followed by all kinds of other foods. Today dozens of fast-food chain stores can be found along highways，in modem shopping malls and scattered throughout neighborhoods in America. Taco Bell，Pizza Hut，Roy Roger's，Burger King and Wendy's ale just a few of the fast-food chains which are now part of American culture. They offer chicken，donuts，tacos and pizza，all quickly produced in great quantities for the masses. These establishments have given shape to the modem lifestyles and diet of the American people.

In America，the whole family seldom have dinner together at home because______.

A．they have so many social activities

B．they have a lot of meetings to attend

C．they rush from one appointment to another

D．they often move from one place to another

Black or Hispanic women are four times as likely to be low-wage workers as are white men with comparable skills and experience. White women are more than three times as likely as white men to be low-wage workers, and black or Hispanic men more than one-and-a-half times as likely. More than half of ail low-wage workers are the only wage workers in their families, or live alone.

Employment no longer provides an escape from poverty. More than eight million working adults are poor; two million of them work full-time, year-round. More than seven million poor children have at least one working parent. When that one working parent is a low-wage worker, the children have no better chance of escaping from poverty than if the parent were not working at all; more than two-fifths of such children are poor.

Even if generous income assistance were available, file wages employers pay would be held to a minimum. In addition, policies such as tax credits for working parents do nothing to increase the political power of working women and men.

Our research shows that unionization is among the most effective strategies for raising pay, especially for women and minority men. Being a union member, or being covered by a collective-bargaining agreement, raised 1984 wages by ＄1.79 per hour for Hispanic men, ＄1. 32 for black men, ＄1.26 for Hispanic women, ＄1.01 for black women, ＄0.68 for white women, and＄ 0.41 for white men, when all other factors, such as occupation, industry, firm size, education and experience were held constant. In percentage terms, the union increase was more than 15 percent for blacks and Hispanics, 11 percent for white women, and 4 percent for white men.

During the 1980s, women started to play a more important role in ______.

A．demanding political rights.

B．improving social welfare.

C．supporting the family.

D．earning better wages.

【C1】

A．make from

B．make of

C．make up

D．make off

Passage Five

In the 1900's, American townspeople usually washed and brushed their teeth and combed their hair in the kitchen. Or they kept a water pitcher (大水罐) and a wash basin in their rooms and took care of these things there.

The bathtub was a wash tub (澡盆) filled with water from the stove. If you were small enough you could sit down by drawing your knees to your chest, Otherwise, you washed yourself standing up. Often all the women and girls in the family bathed together. Then the men and boys did. In most families this was Saturday-night because Sundays they went to church.

A small number of families did have running water. But that depended on Whether there was a water system where they lived and on whether they could afford the plumbing (水管实施 ). Some people had bathtubs in their homes as early as 1895. But many others did not have their first bath in a bathtub until 1910 or later when they were fifteen or sixteen years old.

51. In the first paragraph, "took care of" means ______.

A. kept

B. looked after

C. used

D. kept and used

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Americans are a very energetic and mobile people, always on the run; rushing from one appointment to another, from a PTA (Parent Teacher Association) meeting to a social planning committee. They have very little time to spend preparing elaborate（精致的，复杂的）everyday meals to be eaten at leisure. In many homes it is rare for the whole family to sit down at supper together. Clubs and committees force them to grab a quick meal rather than a sit-down supper.

When they do have the chance to eat at home, often the working housewife prefers to prepare meals that can be quickly heated and consumed. It is no wonder, therefore, that America has become a shelter for fast food consumption.

This great transformation occurred after World War Ⅱ when many women began to work full time and spend less time at home with their families. Women, however, wanted to function well in the capacity of homemaker, as well as that of career woman but time became a precious commodity（商品）which had to be carefully used.

Therefore, it was necessary to make her life easier at home in the preparation of the family dinner. Simultaneously with women entering the job market there was also a shifting of the focus of home entertainment from the radio to the television. Television became the latest fashion in the 1950s and no one wanted to miss his or her favorite programs. And then, the place for supper shifted from the dining room to the living room.

As the customs changed, so did the culture. The immediate solution for this was the invention of the TV dinner. These were frozen meals which were divided into portions of meat and vegetables. They could easily be put into an oven（锅）and prepared within minutes. The tin trays（托盘）in which they were served were conveniently carried into the living room and dinner was consumed in front of a TV set. Cleaning up afterwards was no problem. The tin trays were easily thrown into the garbage.

From fast dinners at home the next step was quick eating while on the road. Love for TV was combined with the fascination for the automobile. It is not odd that with the development of the superhighways America saw the beginning of fast food chains. McDonald's paved the way with its variety of burgers and cold drinks soon to be followed by all kinds of other foods. Today dozens of fast-food chain stores can be found along highways, in modern shopping malls and scattered throughout neighborhoods in America. Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Roy Roger's, Burger King and Wendy's are just a few of the fast-food chains which are now part of American culture． They offer chicken, donuts, tacos and pizza, all quickly produced in great quantities for the masses. These establishments have given shape to the modern lifestyles and diet of the American people.

31．In America, the whole family seldom have dinner together at home because＿．

A．they have so many social activities

B．they have a lot of meetings to attend

C．they rush from one appointment to another

D．they often move from one place to another