Recent evidence has tended to be contrary to established theories on this subject.
A．in contradiction with
B．in coincidence with
C．in correspondence with
D．in contrast with
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更多“Recent evidence has tended to …”相关的问题
第1题
In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern times. It is probable that the answer isto be found in the social and economic history of, where a static society under a relatively benevolent regime of scholar-gentry contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and dynamic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again, and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year. But willavoid the West's mistakes？
76.So far, how many volumes have been published_____
A.Five.
B.Four.
C.Three.
D.None.
77.The first volume was published ___.
A.ten years ago
B.last year
C.five years ago
D.twenty years ago
78.Theunderlinedword “skeptical" means_____
A.doubtful
B.worried
C.sad
D.angry
79.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage_____
A.Gunpowder.
B.Needle.
C.Paddle boats.
D.Bridge design.
80.The best title for this passage is____.
A.China's Inventions
B.Comparisons Between the East and the West
C.China Is Catching Up
D.Situations in China
第2题
The West begun to take more notice of the East. (西方国家开始越来越关注东方国家)The fifth volume of an enormous work re-assessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, which was published twenty years ago, set the tone for the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which, until then, western historians had claimed for Europe, were made first in China. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some reputable historians. However, the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were skeptical at first. China's invention of paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been disputed, but this new history has added advanced bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.
In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern times. It is probable that the answer is to be found in the social and economic history of China, where a static society under a relatively benevolent regime (仁慈的政体) of scholar-gentry (学者绅士) contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and dynamic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again, and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year. But will China avoid the West's mistakes？
1.How many volumes have been published so far？
A.Five.
B.Four.
C.Three.
D.None.
2.What is special about the first volume？
A.It introduces the world intellectual history.
B.It introduces the history of Europe.
C.It demonstrates that the Chinese made many inventions.
D.It explains why China lags behind the west in science and technology.
3.In the first paragraph, the word “skeptical" means ______.
A.doubtful
B.worried
C.sad
D.angry
4.Which of the following inventions in NOT made by the Chinese？
A.Gunpowder.
B.Motor cars.
C.Paddle boats.
D.Bridge design.
5.The best title for this passage is ______.
A.Development of Science and Technology in China
B.Comparisons Between the East and the West
C.China Is Catching Up
D.China's Inventions
第3题
回答题。
Americans are getting ready for the biggest soccer event in the world．For the frrst time theworld cup soccer competition will be held in the United States．While millions play the game aroundthe world, soccer or football has only recently become popular here．It is only in the last 30 yearsthat large numbers of young Americans became interested in soccer．Now it is the fastest growingsport in the country．A recent study found that almost 18 million young boys and girls play soccer in the United States．
The study also found that soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like Americanfootball as the most popular sport among students．And so, when the world cup begins next week,more than one million Americans are expected to go and see the teams play．Organizers say thisyear&39; s world cup will be the biggest ever．All the seats at most of the 52 games have already beensold．
Soccer has been played in the United States for a little more than one hundred years．But howdid the sport come to this country？ And how long has it existed in other parts of the world？ No oneknows exactly where the idea for soccer came from, or when people began playing the game．Somescientists say there is evidence that ball games using the feet were played thousands of years ago．
There is evidence that ancient Greeks and Romans and native American Indians all played games sim-ilar to soccer．
Most experts agree that Britain is the birthplace of moderu soccer．They also agree that theBritish spread the game around the world．Unlike the game today, which uses balls of man-madematerial or leather, early soccer balls were often made of animal stomachs．The rules of early soccergames also differed from those we have today．
Which of the following statements is NOT tree according to the text？ 查看材料
A.Americans were preparing for the world cup when the author wrote this article．
B.More younger Americans became interested in soccer in the last 30 years．
C.Soccer is the fastest developing sport in the world．
D.The article was written before the world cup held in the United States．
第4题
Approximately 85 percent of people prefer their right hand, which is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain. One theorized benefit of locating a particular function in one hemisphere is that it frees the other to deal with different tasks. But that idea does not explain why. population-wide trends for handedness exist in the first place.
Moreover, evidence gleaned in recent years has overturned the long-held belief that human handedness is a unique by-product of brain specialization attributable to language. A suite of studies has revealed brain lateralization in species from fish to primates(灵长类). Last August, for instance, scientists discovered that in the wild, chimpanzees show hand preferences.
The presence of lateralization throughout the animal kingdom suggests some benefit from it, contend neuroscientists Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste and Lesley Rogers of the University of New England in Australia. Also, last August, in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, the two presented evidence to support their idea that social constraints force individuals toward asymmetry in the same direction. They noted, for example, that baby chickens attack more readily when a threat appears on their left. And Rogers has found that chicks with more asymmetrical brains form. more stable social groups: perhaps by approaching each other on the right, she hypothesizes, the chicks fight one another less and are more likely to notice predators.
Lateralization seems to confer an advantage for some fish as well. In certain species, the majority tend to swim left when a predator attacks, whereas other species head right. The potential benefits of such patterns may not seem intuitive: a predator could learn that attacking a fish on one particular side is more effective. But Vallortigara and Rogers's idea fits with the conventional explanation of why fish school at all. When threatened, fish turning in the same direction have a greater chance of survival than if they scatter to become a darting swarm of head-butting fish.
Nevertheless, the bird and fish. data do not explain human handedness.
"The issue then becomes: maybe this lateralization long predates the rise of the mammals," speculates Robin Dunbar ,an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Liverpool in England.
Fish school suggests that ______.
A．it was a necessary evolutionary process
B．it has something to do with human right-handedness
C．they need to coordinate with other fish
D．their brain function is unique
第5题
选词填空：The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花)，for example, which many a modern beerits bitter flavor, are a 26 recent additions to the beverage. Thiswas mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchershave found a 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewingequipment. While excavating two pits at a site in thecentral plains of China, scientists discovered pottery fragments from pots,funnels, amphorae, and stoves (stove fragment pictured). The different shapesof the containers 28 theywere used to brew, filter, and store beer—they may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29 evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers report online today in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.To30 thathypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 insidethe vessels. The majority of the grains—about 80%—were from cereal cropslike barley (大麦), andabout 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily,which would have sweetened the brew, the scientists say. Barley was anunexpected find: The crop was domesticated in western Eurasia and didn’t becomea 33 food incentral China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. basedon that timing, they suggest barley may have 34 in theregion not as food, but as 35 material forbeerbrewing.
A) arrived
B) consuming
C) direct
D) exclusively
E) including
F) inform
G) raw
H) reached
I) relatively
J) remains
K) resources
L) staple
M) suggest
N) surprising
O) test
第6题
palaces, temples, houses and factories) which attract visitors from home and abroad. Most of these tourist sites have
gift shops where visitors can buy mementos and souvenirs of their visit. These souvenirs often include cups, saucers,
plates and other items which feature a printed image of the particular tourist site.
The Universal Pottery Company (UPC) is the main supplier of these pottery souvenir items to the tourist trade. It
produces the items in its potteries and then applies the appropriate image using specialised image printing machines.
UPC also supplies other organisations that require personalised products. For example, it recently won the right to
produce souvenirs for the Eurasian Games, which are being held in Europia in two years time. UPC currently ships
about 250,000 items of pottery out of its factory every month. Most of these items are shipped in relatively small
packages. All collections from the factory and deliveries to customers are made by a nationwide courier company.
In the last two years there has been a noticeable increase in the number of complaints about the quality of these
items. The complaints, from gift shop owners, concentrate on two main issues:
(i) The physical condition of goods when they arrive at the gift shop. Initial evidence suggests that ‘a significant
number of products are now arriving broken, chipped or cracked’. These items are unusable and they have to be
returned to UPC. UPC management are convinced that the increased breakages are due to packers not following
the correct packing method.
(ii) Incorrect alignment of the image of the tourist site on the selected item. For example, a recent batch of 100 cups
for Carish Castle included 10 cups where the image of the castle sloped significantly from left to right. These
were returned by the customer and destroyed by UPC.
The image problem was investigated in more depth and it was discovered that approximately 500 items were
delivered every month with misaligned images. Each item costs, on average, $20 to produce.
As a result of these complaints, UPC appointed a small quality inspection team who were asked to inspect one in
every 20 packages for correct packaging and correct image alignment. However, although some problems have been
found, a significant number of defective products have still been delivered to customers. A director of UPC used this
evidence to support his assertion that the ‘quality inspection team is just not working’.
The payment system for packers has also been such an issue. It was established ten years ago as an attempt to boost
productivity. Packers receive a bonus for packing more than a target number of packages per hour. Hence, packers
are more concerned with the speed of packing rather than its quality.
Finally, there is also evidence that to achieve agreed customer deadlines, certain managers have asked the quality
inspection team to overlook defective items so that order deadlines could be met.
The company has decided to review the quality issue again. The director who claimed that the quality inspection team
is not working has suggested using a Six Sigma approach to the company’s quality problems.
Required:
(a) Analyse the current and potential role of quality, quality control and quality assurance at UPC. (15 marks)
第7题
A.decrease
B.improvement
C.reduction
D.decline
第8题
Text 2
Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain？ Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusiv
e evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-engineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulance cashing.”
46. According to the author, the American economic situation is ________.
[A] not as good as it seems
[B] at its turning point
[C] much better than it seems
[D] near to complete recovery
第9题
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花)，for example, which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a (26)_______ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a (27)_______ingredient in residue (残留物)from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers (28)_______ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest (29_______ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To (30)_______ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried (31)_______ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦),and about 10% were bits of roots, (32)_______lily,which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn&39;t become a (33)_______food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have (34)_______ in the region not as food, but as (35)_______material for beer brewing.
A) Arrived
B) consuming
C) direct
D) exclusively
E) including
F) inform
G) raw
H) reached
I) relatively
J) remains
K)resources
L) staple
M) suggest
N) surprising
O) test
第10题
Temperatures at Hudson Bay have risen by one half degree Fahrenheit every decade since 1950. Winter ice on the bay melts three weeks earlier than it did just 25 years ago, which means three fewer weeks of polar bear mealtime. Result: Polar bears are 10 percent thinner and produce 10 percent fewer cubs than they did 20 years ago. And though climatologists hotly debate the causes behind Earth's Arctic meltdown, "these changes are startling and unexpected,' says James McCarthy, co-leader of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
The plight of polar bears is just the tip to the iceberg when it comes to mounting evidence of global warming. "There's definitely a stark contrast with the way things were at the start of the 20th century," says atmospheric scientist Leonard Druyan, of Columbia University. Recent data show the volume of Arctic sea ice has shrunk 20 percent since the 1950s; glaciers around the world are melting at rapidly increasing rates. Rivers and lakes in North America, Asia, and Europe now freeze about nine days later and thaw 10 days earlier than they did a century ago.
Most scientists believe the only effective strategy to halt global warming is to drastically reduce emissions of powerful air pollutants like carbon dioxide, which accounts for two-thirds of all greenhouse gases. In the last 150 years, the surging use of fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas -- has released 270 billion tons of carbon into the air in the form. of carbon dioxide. Fortunately, oceans, plants, and soils absorb more than half of all atmospheric carbon dioxide -- without them world temperatures might have already soared at an alarming rate.
By saying "Spring is usually prime food time for 1,200 polar bears"？ (Line I, Para. 1), the author means that ______.
A．spring is usually a good time for polar bears to carry out their mating rituals
B．the polar bears usually eat a lot in the spring
C．spring is generally a good time to hunt polar bears
D．polar bears usually hibernate in the spring
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