Declining prices that result from the development of substitute products are most likely t
A.shakeout stag
B.
C.mature stag
D.
E.decline stag
F.
A.shakeout stag
B.
C.mature stag
D.
E.decline stag
F.
第1题
If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow must people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947 -1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending arc not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer's resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment:" I just don't pay these prices; they are too high."
Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered. The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to consider them "right" and expect them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.
The best title of the passage is ______.
A.Consumer's Purchasing Power
B.Relationship between Income and Purchasing Power
C.Traditional Assumptions
D.Studies in Consumer Behavior
第2题
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
If an economist as asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer:those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increase may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on other things.” Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked.
The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conductive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.
21.If a scientist wants to study consumer behavior, what must he do?
A) He must predict the way in which consumers will spend their money.
B) He must do scientific research.
C) He must know background of customers.
D) He must do research and learn the resources and motives of customers.
22.Which of the following groups borrow money most according to traditional assumption?
A) People with rising incomes.
B) People with stable incomes.
C) People with declining incomes.
D) None of the above.
23.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A) Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable.
B) The condition that most helps to produce spending appears to be price rising.
C) Maintaining stable prices is a common business policy.
D) The results of the investigation in America were not the same as those in Great Britain.
24.The research survey in America have showed that when the prices rise, ____.
A) people will hasten to buy
B) people will stop buying
C) people will postpone their purchase
D) people will buy more than they can use
25.The saving and spending patterns in America are ____ those at the same time in Britain.
A) different from B) much better than C) the same as D) much worse than
第3题
11. Personal property is classified as either () or intangible.
12. A sales agreement is a () by which ownership is transferred from a seller to a buyer.
13. () laws are designed to protect both a person or firm that cannot pay its debts and the creditors involved.
14. The Chinese government () peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit.
15. If you want to get securities services, you have to pay a ().
16. A firm that does not introduce new products to () declining products will eventually fail.
17. Prices may be () based on costs, demands, the competition's prices, or some combination of these.
18. Understanding buying behavior. helps marketers to () how buyers will respond to marketing strategies.
19. Compensation programs include wages and salaries, incentives and () for workers.
20. An institution's purpose, mission, and strategy affect its ().
replace established structure advocates
benefits commission predict
contract bankruptcy tangible
第4题
One of the difficulties on carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country, depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable of declines.
Small population may mean ______.
A.higher productlvity, but a lower average income
B.lower productivity, but a higher average income
C.lower productivity and a lower average income
D.higher productivity and a higher average income
第5题
根据以下内容回答题:
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discu-ssion among economists.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited.To feed a large population,inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively.Thus,each person produces.1ess and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population.Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports,roads and railways,which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth val了from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials.In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food,space and natural resources,it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate.Whatever the consequences may be.In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more Com-plex.A decreasing birth rate may lead tp unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods.When the pressure of population on housing declines,prices also decline and the building industry is weakened.Faced with considerations such as these,the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population,rather than one which iS stable or in decline.
A smaller population may mean__________ .
A.higher productivity,but a lower average income
B.lower productivity,but a higher average income
C.lower productivity,and a lower average income
D.higher productivity,and a higher average income
第7题
Some states have an income tax similar to ______ of the federal government。
A. tha。
B. those
C. this
D. these
第8题
A.When
B.While
C.Unless
D.Until
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